中学生听觉障碍和耳科疾病的流行病学调查  

Epidemiologic study of hearing impairment and ear diseases among middle school students

作　　者：李宗华[1] 邬玉龙[1] 张顺霞[2] 王志忠[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军第五医院耳鼻喉科,银川750004 [2]宁夏大学校医院,银川750021 [3]宁夏医科大学流行病学教研室,银川750004

出　　处：《中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志》2015年第6期409-411,415,共4页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology

摘　　要：目的了解中学生听觉障碍和耳科疾病现况,为制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法对银川市2 009例中学生行问卷调查、耳科检查及听力学检查,数据采用SPSS15.0统计软件处理。结果银川市中学生听觉障碍患病率为3.29%,耳科疾病的总体患病率为7.07%,外耳疾病患病率为3.84%,中耳疾病患病率为0.80%,内耳疾病患病率为2.44%。听觉障碍和耳科疾病的性别患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),男生高于女生。耵聍栓塞、噪声性听力损失、先天性耳前瘘管、化脓性中耳炎、外耳道炎是中学生耳科常见疾病。结论目前中学生听觉障碍和耳科疾病患病率偏高,学校应积极开展耳科健康教育,制订防治策略。Objective To undertake a survey on the prevalence, pathogenic factors and treatment of hearing impairment and ear diseases among 2 009 middle school students in Yinchuan. Methods A cross-section study was performed to investigate the hearing impairment and ear diseases among middle school students. Questionnaire and ear examination were carried out by the staff who had received special training. Results The prevalence of heating impairment was 3.29 % and the prevalence of ear diseases was 7.07%, including outer ear diseases（3.84% ）, middle ear diseases（0.80% ）and inner ear diseases（2.44% ）. There was a statistically difference in prevalence between males and females （P 〈 0.05）. Impacted cerumen, noise induced hearing loss, congenital preauricular fistula, otitis media and external otitis were the main ear diseases among middle school students. Conclusions The high prevalence of hearing impairment and ear diseases have negative influences on physical and mental health of middle school students. The scientific strategies of prevention and treatment need to be formulated and implemented urgently.

关 键 词：听觉障碍 耳科疾病 流行病学 中学生 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]