棉花不同密度下辐热积与生育进程及产量的关系  

Relationship between Product of Thermal Effectiveness (PTE) and Cotton Growth and Yield at Different Densities

作　　者：吴杨焕 李杰[1] 杨平[1] 柴顺喜 陈锐[1] 费聪[1] 彭新新 马富裕[1] 贾彪[2] 张斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [3]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第10期1765-1772,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAD41B02);自治区研究生创新基金资助项目(XJGRI2013064)~~

摘　　要：【目的】设置不同种植密度,研究辐热积与棉花生长发育之间的关系,为辐热积监测棉花生长发育状况提供理论参考。【方法】供试棉花品种为鲁棉研24号和新陆早50号,设置3个密度处理,分别是240×10~3(D1)、176×10~3(D2)和82.5×10~3株/hm^2(D3),每隔7~10 d对棉花干物质、株高、蕾铃数等指标进行测定,从石河子气象站获得棉花生育期内的辐射数据。【结果】降低密度能增加单株结铃数,但密度过小导致棉花单铃重有所减小,不利于棉花产量形成。鲁棉研24号和新陆早50号均以在176×10~3株/hm^2密度条件下产量最高,分别为4 852.27和5 167.73 kg/hm^2。适当降低密度有利于减少各生育期所需累积辐热积,同时缩短生育期,有利于棉花早熟,但密度过低将产生反作用。【结论】176×10~3株/hm^2密度条件下,棉花所需辐热积最小,生育期最短,产量构成因子相对最好,有利于棉花生长发育。[ Objective ] The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between cotton growth and the product of thermal effectiveness （PTE） and photosynthetically active radiation （PTE） at different plant densities. [ Method ] There were three plant density treatments in this field study ：240 ×10^3, 176 ×10^3, and 82.5 ×10^3 plants/hm^2. Dry matter, plant height and the number of buds and bolls were measured every 7 to 10 d during the growing season. Temperatures and photosynthetically active radiation were measured by a weather station during the cotton reproduction period. [ Result] A reduction in plant density could increase the number of bolls per plant. However, cotton boll weight declined when the plant density was too low, resulting in a yield reduction. The plant density of 176 ×10^3 plants hm^2 resulted in the highest yield for both Lumian- yan 24 （4 850 kg hm^2） and Xinluzao 50 （5 170 kg hm2）. [ Conclusion ] The cotton growth period was shortened and the yield was relatively good when the plant density was 176 ×10^3 plants hm2. Therefore a plant density of 17×10^3 plants hm^2 was conducive to cotton growth and development.

关 键 词：棉花 辐热积 生育期 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]