大量元素水溶肥在棉花上的应用研究  

Research into the Macronutrient Soluble Fertilizers Application on Cotton

作　　者：王西和[1] 刘骅[1] 孙雪晴[1] 李辉 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]中国-阿拉伯化肥有限公司,河北秦皇岛066000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第10期1836-1842,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B05-14);国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站~~

摘　　要：【目的】考察不同类型的大量元素水溶肥对棉花生长及产量的调节效应,研究其增产效果及肥料效率,为滴灌棉花水肥一体化技术发展和大量元素水溶肥的合理使用提供依据。【方法】选择具有代表性的四种大量元素水溶肥,以常规施用基肥为对照,通过田间小区试验,综合分析棉花生物学性状、棉花产量、肥料效率及经济效益等。【结果】处理间棉花生物学性状没有显著性差异;产量差异具有显著性,各处理产量高低次序为:T5>T2>T4>T3>T1;氮磷钾农学效率存在显著性差异,其大小依次为T5>T2>T4>T3;氮、磷、钾肥平均利用率分别为57.3%、34.2%、27.7%;经济效益最佳的处理为T5。【结论】施用大量元素水溶肥料棉花平均产量达5 218.6 kg/hm^2,比对照增产4.5%,最高产量和效益的大量元素水溶肥是T5(硝基氯化钾水溶肥),其氮磷钾最佳配比为10-30-10。高钾型和低氮型水溶肥在北疆棉花上应用,应适当调整基肥和配合追施氮肥。[ Objective ] By studying the regulating effect of macronutrient soluble fertilizers on cotton growth and yield, this project aims to research the fertilizer efficiency and yield-increasing effect in the hope of providing basis for drip irrigation cotton integrated water and fertilizer technology developing and macronutrient soluble fertilizer fair usage. [ Method ] Four representative macronutrient soluble fertilizers were chosen to analyze the cotton biological traits and yield, fertilizer efficiency, economic benefits and some other aspects, with the conventional applying base fertilizer methods as the control by the plot trial. [ Result ] The difference of cotton biological characteristics was not significant, but the yield difference was significant. Yield level of each treatment order was：T5 〉 T2 〉 T4 〉 T3 〉 T1. NPK agronomic efficiency showed significant differences, and the size of the order was：T5 〉 T2 〉 T4 〉 33. The average Utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 57.3%, 34.2% and 27.7%. T5 treatment generated the best economic benefits. [ Conclusion] The yield of the cotton which macronutrients soluble fertilizer average was applied to reached 5218. 6kg/hm2, and comparing with control, 4.5 percent was increased. The NPK ratio of optimal yield and benefit macronutrient soluble fertilizers was 10 - 30 - 10. When high potassium and low nitrogen soluble fertilizer are applied on Northern Xinjiang cotton, base fertilizer combined with topdressing nitrogen fertilizer potash should be adjusted.

关 键 词：大量元素水溶肥 棉花 产量 肥料效率 农学效率 

分 类 号：S143.5[农业科学—肥料学] S562[农业科学—农业基础科学]