离心泵空化现象的模拟试验研究  

Experimental study on cavitation of centrifugal pump

作　　者：夏远志[1] 明廷锋[1] 苏永生[1] 曹玉良[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学动力工程学院,湖北武汉430033

出　　处：《机电工程》2015年第11期1433-1437,共5页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(51306205);湖北省自然科学基金资助项目(2015CFB700)

摘　　要：针对离心泵空化状态识别难的问题,对离心泵空化前后进、出口的压力、振动和水声信号进行了研究。设计并搭建了双离心泵综合试验平台,构建了信号检测与采集系统,利用Lab VIEW工具开发了状态监测系统。在保持离心泵流量恒定的前提下,通过调节进出口阀门开度,控制其扬程变化,完成了空化模拟试验。试验中,分别测取了机组3种工况下的流量、转速和进出口压力等数据,绘制了各工况的临界汽蚀余量判别曲线。并根据离心泵的结构特点与空化特性,对离心泵的压力、振动和水声信号进行了深入地分析比较,提取了其空化特征信息。研究结果表明,空化前后进、出口压力信号、振动信号以及水声信号可作为空化监测的特征量,且相对于水声,离心泵发生空化现象后,对进、出口压力和振动参数影响更明显。Aiming at the problem of identifying the centrifugal pump cavitation state,the vibration,inlet and outlet pressure,acoustic signals were investigated before and after the centrifugal pump cavitation. The texperiment operation was done through designing and constructing the comprehensive test platform of centrifugal pump. Signal detection and acquisition system was constructed,and the condition monitoring system was developed by using Lab VIEW. Under the premise of keeping the constant flow of the centrifugal pump,the cavitation experiment was simulated through adjusting the opening degree of the inlet and outlet. Under three kinds of working conditions,the pump flow,rotating speed and pressure of inlet and outlet,etc.,were measured. The cavitation allowance of the pump was calculated obtained and NPSHA discriminant curves were plotted. Finally,according to the structure feature and cavitation properties of centrifugal pump,the pressure of centrifugal pump,vibration and acoustic signal were analyzed detailedly for extracting the pump＇ s cavitation feature information. The results indicate that,before and after the cavitation,the pressure,vibration and acoustic signal can be used as the characteristic of cavitation monitoring,and the influence of the pressure of centrifugal pump on the inlet and outlet and vibration parameters is more obvious than that of the acoustic signal.

关 键 词：离心泵 空化 汽蚀余量 状态监测 

分 类 号：TH17[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH311