从计划到自主:论生育政策再调整  

From Planning to Customizing: Readjustment of Childbearing Policy

作　　者：李德滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]三亚学院

出　　处：《知与行》2015年第3期43-49,共7页Cognition and Practice

摘　　要：自2013年年末我国“单独二孩”政策启动实施以来，未如预期“火爆”，出现了“婴儿潮”爽约现象。尽快采取果断措施，避免中国深陷“低生育陷阱”，加快生育政策再调整步伐已是当务之急!这是因为：30余年实施独生子女的政策，人口结构弊端凸显；未执行一胎化政策实验区的实践证明，宽松的生育政策促进了人口性别比正常化；市场经济条件下，强制性计划生育政策日益失去其存在的社会基础，且越来越不适应法治社会的理念与精神；人口小国化，不利于国家的兴旺发达和中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的实现。鉴于此，只有加快人口生育政策再调整，将我国人口数量总目标确定在人口更替水平上，即长期保持在10亿人左右，保持适度人口大国的位置，才有利于经济可持续发展，缓解老龄化、少子化进程；有利于人口领域法制建设，还公民自主生育权；有利于未来民族强盛和国家安全。Since the end of 2013 ＂two - child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single child family＂ policy in China has been carried out, it is not so ＂hot＂ as expected, unlike the ＂baby boom＂ phenomenon in America. It is urgent to take decisive measures to accelerate the pace of fertility policy readjustment so as to prevent China from ＂low fertility trap＂. This is because the fact that one - child policy of more than 30 years has exposed drawbacks of the population structure. Experimental areas where the one -child policy has not implemented have proved that loose matemity policies promote the normalization of the sex ratio. Under market economy conditions, the mandatory family planning policy has been increasingly losing social basis of its existence, and has become increasingly unsuited to the concept of the rule of law and its spirit; A small population country, is not conducive to a country＇s prosperity and the realization of Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In view of this, only by speeding up adjustments of the fertility policy, and keeping China＇s total target population at about 1 billion, and maintaining the position of a large population, can it benefit sustainable economic development, alleviate aging oriented, low birth rate process, and help to strengthen the legal system for population, protect autonomous reproductive rights of citizens. It is beneficial to the nation prosperity and national security.

关 键 词：生育政策 低生育率陷阱 人口负债 人口更替水平 人口大国化 

分 类 号：C92[社会学—人口学]