规模养殖与畜禽污染关系研究——以生猪养殖为例  

The relationship between intensification of livestock production and livestock pollution for pig-breeding

作　　者：潘丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学鄱阳湖生态经济研究院,南昌330013

出　　处：《资源科学》2015年第11期2279-2287,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71303099);江西省社会科学"十二五"规划项目(13YJ50);江西省教育科学"十二五"规划研究项目(一般030);国家社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD155);江西省社会科学规划项目基地一般项目(14SKJD20);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ13291)

摘　　要：厘清规模养殖与畜禽污染之间的关系有助于中国政府采取有针对性的措施治理畜禽污染。利用江西、山东、福建、江苏和四川5省份754个生猪养殖户微观调查数据,实证检验了规模养殖与畜禽污染之间的关系。研究结果表明:规模养殖和畜禽污染之间呈现出较为明显的倒U型曲线关系,即小规模养殖和大规模养殖所产生的畜禽污染较低,而中等程度的规模养殖所产生的畜禽污染较高。种养结合比例、政府环保规制程度以及政府补贴程度是造成不同规模养殖户畜禽污染差异的主要原因;户主年龄、户主文化程度、家庭人均耕地面积、产业组织情况、家庭非农劳动力比例、信息认知、政府补贴以及技术培训等变量,也是影响养殖户畜禽污染排放的重要因素。促进中等规模养殖户向适度规模的家庭农场经营方式转变、提高生猪养殖组织化程度、完善畜禽污染治理激励政策以及加强畜禽清洁生产技术培训是促进中国规模养殖与环境协调发展的主要途径。Expanding intensive production is one of the most important national strategies for the livestock sector in China and the pollution from intensive livestock production has received growing attention. A limited number of studies have quantified the environmental consequences of the livestock intensification process; however the question remains whether Chinese livestock production should continue to follow the current intensification process. Further, can the government consider intensification as a solution for pollution reduction in the livestock sector？ Here, we explore the relationship between intensification of livestock production and livestock pollution based on microeconomic survey data of 754 pig breeders in five provinces. The results show that the relationship between intensification of livestock production and livestock pollution presents an upside-down U-shaped curve. The livestock pollution emission of small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers is lower, while the livestock pollution emission of medium-scale farmers is relatively high. Planting binding ratio, environmental regulation degree and government subsidy degree are the main reasons for livestock pollution differences at different farm scales. Small-scale farmers are already quite environmentally sound, while large-scale farmers are more protected by government, having more investment capital and human capacity to adopt environmentally friendly technologies. Farmer age and education, farmland area per person, organization, proportion of non-agricultural labor, information cognition, government subsidy and technical training also affect livestock pollution. Setting up crop-livestock integrated family farms, organizing farmers to participate in agricultural industrial organization, perfecting non-point source pollution treatment policy and strengthening the training of livestock clean production technology seem to be effective in reducing livestock pollution in the progress of livestock production intensification.

关 键 词：畜禽污染 规模化 生猪养殖 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]