直接数字化X射线摄影在患儿腹部检查中的应用分析  

Application analysis of direct digital X-ray radiography in pediatric abdominal examination

作　　者：高大为[1] 姚爱静[2] 李光民[1] 王来友[1] 孙静涛[1] 李素荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]唐山市妇幼保健院放射科,河北唐山063000 [2]唐山市第八医院内科,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《生物医学工程与临床》2015年第6期603-608,共6页Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨直接数字化X射线摄影(DR)在患儿腹部检查中的应用价值。方法选择行DR腹部检查的650例患儿,其中男性356例,女性294例,年龄12 h^10岁。对其腹部平片的质量及病变进行分析。结果在650张DR腹部平片中,有595张甲级片(占91.54%),55张乙级片(占8.46%),0张丙级片。病变显示情况:通过DR数字化调节,不典型小气液平影101例,急性假性肠梗阻87例;机械性肠梗阻35例。肠套叠21例;小肠疝气8例。消化道穿孔13例。食管裂孔疝2例。膈膨升48例。胃扩张5例。先天性脐膨出2例。坏死性小肠结肠炎19例。腹腔积液13例。腹膜炎2例。消化道异物151例。消化道畸形57例。脊柱发育畸形69例。泌尿生殖系异常影像5例。膈下区肺炎、盘状肺不张3例,膈下肋骨骨折9例。结论腹部DR平片是大部分腹部疾病的首选检查方法,只要腹部摄片质量优良,诊断医师充分利用DR的优势,认真仔细观察分析后,对腹部各脏器疾病尤其是空腔脏器的疾病就能做出正确诊断,为临床提供十分重要的诊断依据。Objective To study application value of direct digital X-ray radiography（DR） in pediatric abdominal examination. Methods A total of 650 cases of children with abdominal examination were enrolled, which included 356 males and 294 females, aged 12 hours - 10 years old. The quality and pathological of abdominal plain film were analyzed. Results In 650 DR plain films of abdomen, 595（91.54 %） were in grade A and 55（8.46 %） in grade B and there were no films in grade C. After lesions adjusted with DR digital regulator, 101 cases showed atypical gas-liquid flat shadows, 87 cases showed acute intestinal pseudo obstruction; 35 cases showed mechanical intestinal obstruction. Twenty-one cases showed intussusception; 8 cases showed small intestinal hernia. Thirteen cases showed digestive tract perforation. Two cases showed esophageal hiatal hernia. Forty- eight cases showed diaphragmatic eventuation. Five cases showed gastric dilatation. Two cases showed umbilical bulging. Nineteen cases showed necrotizing enterocolitis. Thirteen cases showed peritoneal effusion. Two cases showed peritonitis. A total of 151 showed digestive tract foreign bodies. Fifty-seven cases showed digestive tract malformation. Sixty-nine cases showed spinal malformation. Five cases showed urogenital anomaly images. Three cases showed subphrenic region pneumonia, discoid atelectash and 9 showed subphrenic rib fracture. Conclusion It is demonstrated that abdominal plain film DR is the preferred method of examination in most of abdominal disease. In abdominal radiograph quality and advantage of DR, the abdominal organs disease especially hollow viscera diseases could be diagnosed correctly, and provide the basis for clinical diagnosis is very important.

关 键 词：数字化X射线摄影 小儿腹部 婴幼儿 腹部疾病 

分 类 号：R816.92[医药卫生—放射医学]