北极航线地缘安全格局演变研究  

Research on the Evolution of the Arctic Route Geo-Security Structure

作　　者：李振福[1,2] 刘同超[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学交通运输管理学院 [2]大连海事大学极地海事研究中心

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2015年第6期81-105,共25页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：2013年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国北极航线战略与海洋强国建设研究”(项目批准号:13&ZD170);2011年度国家自然科学基金面上项目“北极权益博弈复杂网络格局演变的能量地形模型仿真研究”(项目批准号:61174166)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：随着全球变暖,北极冰盖加速融化,北极航线的全线开通预期逐渐临近,以北极航线为对象的资源争夺和地缘政治斗争将成为新的发展形势,北极航线地缘安全问题也将愈加重要。北极航线地缘安全扩大了北极地区地缘安全的范围,能够为北极地区地缘安全提供保障,是其他大北极国家参与北极地区地缘安全的切入点,也是北极地区地缘安全的重要组成部分。北极航线地缘安全主要是指与北极航线有地缘关系的世界各国在争取北极航线权益过程中涉及和带来的安全问题。在北极航线地缘安全中,政治军事安全是重点。并且,北极航线地缘安全关系到全球地缘政治安全和全球地缘经济安全,是维护海洋权益的前沿,如果处理不好,其危害程度较大。北极航线地缘安全在国际协调机制、现有国际法律、大国行为和北极航线的可利用程度等因素的影响下,将形成多集团相互博弈的格局,为此需要建立相应的安全规范和协调机制。现有的关于北极航线的相关协调机制不足以应对北极航线地缘安全状况,文章提出应该建立"大北极机制"以协调处理北极航线问题。"大北极机制"符合北极航线地缘安全的需要,有利于维护北极航线地缘安全和稳定。With global warming and the melting of the Arctic ice,the opening of the Arctic route across the board is fast approaching;the Arctic route becomes a new arena for resources competition and geopolitical scramble for more power;and Arctic route Geo-Security problems will also become more prominent.Arctic route Geo-Security expands the scope of the Arctic regional security by providing safeguard for the Arctic regional security and offering other Arctic countries a point of entry into the Arctic Geo-Security.The Arctic route Geo-Security mainly refers to the Arctic route geopolitical relations of all countries involved in the fight for rights and interests of Arctic routes and related security problems.Arctic route Geo-Security,with political and military security as its focus,is closely related to the geopolitical and geo-economic security,and is the frontier for the struggle of the maritime rights and interests.If not properly handled,the Arctic route Geo-Security can cause vast damage.Under the influence of such factors as the international coordination mechanism,the existing international legal framework,behavioral patterns of big powers,and the ready availability of the Arctic route,Arctic route Geo-Security will witness a great game between multiple blocs.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a corresponding safety specification and coordination mechanism.The existing mechanism for the Arctic route is not conducive to the tackling of the current Arctic route Geo-Security situation.This paper suggests that a 'greater Arctic mechanism' should be established to meet the needs of the Arctic route Geo-Security,and to maintain the Arctic route Geopolitical Security and stability.

关 键 词：北极航线 地缘安全 北极航线地缘安全 地缘安全格局 “大北极机制” 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]