不同水肥条件对玉米生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Maize

作　　者：杨永辉[1,2] 武继承[1,2] 王洪庆 郭庆 何方[1,2] 韩伟锋[1,2] 潘晓莹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测站,河南原阳453514 [3]西华县农业科学研究所,河南西华466600

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第11期50-54,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2013AA102904);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B07);国家自然科学基金项目(U1404404);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金项目

摘　　要：采用田间试验,研究了不同灌水量(300、600、900 m3/hm2)与施氮量(0、120、240、360 kg/hm2)对玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响,旨在为玉米的水肥管理提供科学依据。结果表明,随土层的加深,土壤水分含量明显降低,适量施用氮肥可有效减少玉米对水分的消耗,尤其是灌水量300 m3/hm2+施氮量240 kg/hm2处理。从小喇叭口期开始,在相同灌水量条件下,随施氮量的增加,玉米地上部分干质量、株高及可见叶片数总体上均增加,且玉米产量也显著提高,而水分利用效率随施氮量的增加表现为先增后降的趋势。在不同水肥处理中,产量以灌水量900 m3/hm2+施氮量360 kg/hm2处理最高,较其对应的不施氮肥处理提高54.5%;水分利用效率以灌水量300 m3/hm2+施氮量240 kg/hm2处理最高,较其对应的不施氮肥处理提高62.5%。综合考虑,以灌水量600 m3/hm2+施氮量240 kg/hm2处理增产节水效果较佳。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation amount（ 300 m^3/ ha,600 m^3/ ha,900 m^3/ ha） and nitrogen application amount（ 0 kg / ha,120 kg / ha,240 kg / ha,360 kg / ha） on maize growth,yield and water use efficiency,so as to provide scientific basis for management of water and fertilizer for maize. The results indicated that with the increase of the soil depth,the soil moisture decreased obviously,the right amount of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively reduce the water consumption of maize,especially the treatment with irrigation amount of 300 m^3/ ha ＋ nitrogen amount of 240 kg / ha. From pre-tasselling stage,under the same irrigation condition,with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application amount,maize aboveground dry weight,plant height and visible leaf number increased generally,and the yield of maize increased significantly,while the water use efficiency first increased and then decreased. Among all treatments,the yield of treatment with irrigation amount of900 m^3/ ha ＋ nitrogen amount of 360 kg / ha was the highest,which increased by 54. 5% compared withthe control without nitrogen fertilizer,and water use efficiency of the treatment with irrigation amount of300 m^3/ ha ＋ nitrogen amount of 240 kg / ha was the highest,which increased by 62. 5% compared with the control without nitrogen fertilizer. Overall,the treatment with irrigation amount of 600 m^3/ ha ＋ nitrogen amount of 240 kg / ha had better effect for increasing production and saving water.

关 键 词：水分 养分 玉米 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S275.3