枯草芽孢杆菌B1514可湿性粉剂的研制及其对小麦纹枯病的防效  

Development of Wettable Powder of Bacillus subtilis B1514 and Its Control Effect on Wheat Sheath Blight

作　　者：贺振宁[1] 李海燕[1] 苏媛[1] 李生艳[2] 甄文超[1,3] 齐永志[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001 [2]保定市回民中学,河北保定071001 [3]河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第11期67-72,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划粮食丰产科技工程课题(2011BAD16B08;2012BAD04B06;2013BAD07B05);河北省现代农业产业技术体系小麦创新团队建设项目

摘　　要：以对小麦土传病原菌有拮抗作用兼具秸秆降解作用的枯草芽孢杆菌B1514为功能菌株,通过对发酵载体、润湿剂、分散剂和稳定剂进行筛选,确定枯草芽孢杆菌B1514可湿性粉剂的最佳配方,并测定其拌种对小麦幼苗生长及纹枯病发生的影响。结果表明,该可湿性粉剂最佳配方为摇瓶发酵液70%、硅藻土18%、CMC-Na 4.8%、PEG8000 7.2%。以此配方制备的菌剂芽孢含量达1.70×10^9cfu/g,悬浮率为72%,p H值为6.8,润湿时间为135 s,细度（≤44μm）通过率为95%,水分含量为3.8%,各指标均符合商品制剂的标准。盆栽试验结果显示,每100 kg种子用500 g、600 g和700 g B1514可湿性粉剂拌种均可显著提高小麦发芽率、发芽指数和简易活力指数;试验第19天时,每100 kg种子用500 g可湿性粉剂拌种处理的小麦株高、发根力和植株干质量均显著高于对照药剂30 g/L苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂和2%戊唑醇干粉拌种剂拌种处理,提高幅度分别在10.23%-23.65%和7.29%-31.24%,同时该处理对小麦苗期纹枯病的防效达71.61%。初步确定枯草芽孢杆菌B1514可湿性粉剂的最佳拌种剂量为每100 kg种子用500 g药剂。Optimum formula of the wettable powder of B. subtilis B1514,with functions of antagonism to soil-borne pathogens of wheat and degradation of straw,was defined by screening fermentation carriers,wetting agents,dispersing agents and stabilizers,and a pot experiment was conducted to determine its effects on the growth of wheat seedling and the occurrence of wheat sheath blight. The results showed that the optimum formula of the wettable powder was confirmed as follows： 70% fermentation liquid,18% diatomite,4. 8% CMC-Na and 7. 2% PEG8000. Quality detection showed that the spore content of B. subtilis B1514 wettable powder reached 1. 70 × 10^9 cfu / g,with suspension rate of 72%,p H value of 6. 8,dispersing time of 135 s,fineness（ ≤44 μm） through rate of 95% and moisture content of 3. 8%. All the indicators were in line with the standard of commercial preparations. Results of the pot experiment showed thatgermination rate,germination index and simple vigor index of wheat seeds were significantly improved after dressed by 500 g,600 g and 700 g B. subtilis B1514 wettable powder per 100 kg wheat seeds. At 19 days after treatment,the height,rooting ability and plant dry weight of wheat seeds dressed by 500 g B.subtilis B1514 wettable powder per 100 kg wheat seeds were all significantly higher than those of the seeds dressed with 30 g / L difenoconazole FS and 2% tebuconazole dry powder,with the increase rates from10. 23% to 23. 65% and from 7. 29% to 31. 24%,respectively. Its control effect on wheat sheath blight reached 71. 61% at seedling stage. The best dosage of B. subtilis B1514 wettable powder for dressing weeds was preliminarily determined as 500 g wettable powder per 100 kg wheat seeds.

关 键 词：枯草芽孢杆菌 可湿性粉剂 拌种 小麦 幼苗生长 纹枯病 防效 

分 类 号：S435.121[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]