洛阳地区烟田土壤木霉菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗作用测定  

Isolation and Identification of Trichoderma from Tobacco Growing Soil of Luoyang and Determination of Their Inhibition Effects

作　　者：田艳艳[1] 赵世民[2] 李彰[2] 江凯[2] 康业斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]河南省烟草公司洛阳市烟草公司,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第11期79-84,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技项目(2012M10);洛阳市烟草公司项目(2014M06)

摘　　要：为了明确洛阳地区烟田土壤中拮抗木霉的种类,以洛阳市嵩县、洛宁县和汝阳县烟草不同生育时期的烟田土壤为样本,用平板稀释法分离获得24个木霉菌株。根据形态学特征结合ITS序列分析,将其鉴定为哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum Rifai)、绒毛木霉(Trichoderma tomentosum Bissett,Kubicek&Szakacs)、毛簇木霉(Trichoderma velutinum Bissett,Kubicek&Szakacs)、棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum Samuels)和深绿木霉(Trichoderma atroviride Karsten),其中哈茨木霉为优势种。通过平板对峙法测定木霉菌对烟草疫霉、瓜果腐霉和尖孢镰刀菌的拮抗作用,结果表明,哈茨木霉、棘孢木霉和深绿木霉对尖孢镰刀菌、烟草疫霉、瓜果腐霉均有较好的拮抗效果,毛簇木霉对烟草疫霉和尖孢镰刀菌有较好的拮抗效果,绒毛木霉对烟草疫霉和瓜果腐霉有较好的拮抗效果。In order to identify the variety of antagonistic Trichoderma in soil of tobacco plants in Luoyang region,the soils of tobacco fields from Songxian,Luoning and Ruyang were sampled at different stages during tobacco growing period. Twenty four isolates of Trichoderma were obtained by plate dilution method.Through the identification based on morphology and analysis of r DNA-ITS sequence,these isolates were identified as five species,namely Trichoderma harzianum Rifai,Trichoderma tomentosum Bissett,Kubicek Szakacs,Trichoderm velutinum Bissett,Kubicek Szakacs,Trichoderma asperellum Samuels and Trichoderma atroviride Karsten,of which Trichoderma harzianum Rifai was a super Trichoderma species from the soil of tobacco plants in Luoyang. Their inhibition effects were tested via the method of confrontation on PDA against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae（ Breda de Hean） Tuker,Pythium aphanidermatum（ Edson） Fitzpatrick and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht,and the result showed that Trichoderma harzianum,Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma asperellum had good inhibition against all the three tobacco pathogens,Trichoderm velutinum had good inhibition against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and Fusarium oxysporum,while Trichoderma tomentosum had good inhibition against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae and Pythium aphanidermatum.

关 键 词：烟田土壤 木霉菌 形态鉴定 分子鉴定 烟草病害 拮抗作用 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]