6种杀菌剂对苹果斑点落叶病的保护和治疗作用时限研究  

Duration of Protective Effect and Curative Effect of Six Fungicides against Apple Alternaria Blotch

作　　者：杜晓蕾[1] 刘欣[1] 胡同乐[1] 王亚南[1] 王树桐[1] 曹克强[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第11期89-92,103,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-28)

摘　　要：为了解决当前苹果斑点落叶病防治中难以把握恰当用药时机及用药间隔问题,采用离体叶片接种法测定6种杀菌剂对苹果斑点落叶病的保护作用持效期及治疗作用时限。结果表明,多抗霉素、代森锰锌、异菌脲和戊唑醇的保护作用持效期较长,可达7 d以上;双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐的持效期为3-7 d;苯醚甲环唑的防病效果较差,持效期较短,仅能维持1-3 d。降雨对杀菌剂保护作用持效期有一定的影响,施用杀菌剂后短时间内降雨,防效会有所下降,施药与降雨间隔时间越短,对防效的影响越大。在治疗试验中,接种后24 h施药,多抗霉素、异菌脲、戊唑醇和双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐对苹果斑点落叶病的治疗效果较好,而苯醚甲环唑效果不佳;接种后48 h施药,5种药剂的治疗效果均显著降低。因此,对于苹果斑点落叶病的防治应以保护为主,建议在降雨前2-3 d喷施多抗霉素、代森锰锌、异菌脲或戊唑醇进行防治。Apple Alternaria blotch is one of the most important diseases in apple production. It is difficult to clarify the appropriate timing and the interval of fungicide application to control apple Alternaria blotch. The protective effect duration and treatment timing of six fungicides against apple Alternaria blotch were investigated in vitro. The results showed that polyoxins,mancozeb,iprodione and tebuconazole had long protective effect,with effective duration above 7 days. The protective effect of iminoctadine tris lasted for 3 to 7 days. The protective effect duration of difenoconazole against apple Alternaria blotch was very short,and only lasted for 1 to 3 days. Rainfall could influence protective effect of fungicides. The short interval between spraying and raining would cause a decline in control effect. The shorter time interval,the larger impact of control efficiency it had. When the fungicides were applied 24 h after inoculation,polyoxins,iprodione,tebuconazole and iminoctadine tris showed better curative effect against apple Alternaria blotch,but difenoconazole showed poor effect. When they were applied 48 h after inoculation,the curative effects of the five fungicides were all significantly declined. Therefore,the prevention and treatment of apple Alternaria blotch should give priority to protection. To prevent the disease in the field,we recommend using polyoxins,mancozeb,iprodione or tebuconazole 2—3 days before rain.

关 键 词：杀菌剂 苹果斑点落叶病 离体叶片 保护作用 持效期 

分 类 号：S436.611.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]