深圳市某区2013年水痘疫苗接种儿童抗体水平横断面研究  

Cross-sectional study on varicella antibody levels among children with varicella vaccination history in a district of Shenzhen City,2013

作　　者：马茂[1] 刘卫民[1] 杨洁[1] 林喜乐[1] 付丹凤[1] 何莲娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518020

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2015年第12期1451-1453,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的 观察儿童水痘疫苗1剂次接种后的免疫持久性及其可能的影响因素,为水痘疫苗加强免疫方案提供参考依据。方法 采用横断面流行病学,对年龄2-7岁水痘疫苗初次免疫间隔1-5年的健康儿童566名采集静脉血,使用膜免疫荧光法（FAMA）测定水痘IgG水平。同时收集疫苗生产厂家及初免年龄等资料,用卡方检验分析率的差异,方差分析、t检验用于分析抗体滴度变化,多重线性回归用于分析抗体滴度变化的影响因素。结果 水痘疫苗初免间隔1、3、5年后抗体阳性率（93.7%、87.6%、89.9%）差异无统计学意义（χ^2=4.50,P=0.11）,抗体滴度随时间衰减,不同间隔年限抗体水平差异有统计学意义（F=12.606,P〈0.001）,间隔1年组的抗体水平（GMT：1：11.5）显著高于间隔3年（1：7.14,P〈0.001）、5年组（1：8.36,P=0.006）。间隔3年、5年组间抗体水平差异无统计学意义（P=0.387）。水痘疫苗初免年龄各间隔年限组间差异有统计学意义（χ^2=276.069,P〈0.001）,间隔1年组初免年龄最小,间隔5年组最大。国产疫苗和进口疫苗接种者的抗体阳性率相当,分别为91.%和89.5%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.322,P=0.570）。初免年龄、性别、疫苗种类对抗体滴度的影响差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 国产疫苗和进口疫苗接种后免疫持久性效果相当,虽然初免5年后,抗体阳性率仍能维持较高水平,但抗体滴度随时间延长有所衰减,接种3-5年后抗体维持较低水平,建议在初次免疫后3年考虑加强免疫。Objective To observe the immune persistence of one- dose varicella vaccination and its possible influencing factors so as to provide references for developing the immunization strengthening program concerning varicella vaccine. Methods Crc,ss sectional epidemiological method was used in this study. Venous blood samples were collected from 566 healthy children aged 2 - 7 years at 1 - year, 3 and 5 years post - primary immunization with varicella vaccine, and then serum varicella IgG anti- body was detected by fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test （FAMA）. The information concerning the manufacturers of the varicella vaccines and the children＇s ages at primary immunization were collected. Chi- square test was used to compare the positive rates, variance analysis and t - test to compare the changes of the antibody titer and multiple linear regression to find the influencing factors. Results No statistically significant difference was found in the antibody positive rates among the children at 1 - year, 3 and 5 years post- primary immunization with varicella vaccine （93.7%, 87.6% and 89.9% respectively, χ^2 = 4.50, P = 0.11 ）. The antibody level decreased annually, and varied significantly among different years post - primary immu- nization（ F = 12. 606, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The geometric mean titer （GMT） detected in the children at 1 - year post - primary immu- nization （1 ： 11.5） was significantly higher than those at 3 （1：7.14, P〈0. 001） and 5 （1：8.36, P = 0. 006） years post - pri- mary immunization, but no statistically significant difference was found in the antibody level between the children at 3 and 5 years post- primary immunization（P = 0. 387）. Distribution of primary immunization age in all time interval groups statistically differed （χ^2 = 276. 069, P 〈 0. 001 ）, with the youngest in the 1 - year interval group and the oldest in the 5 - year interval group. The antibody positive rate of domestic varicella vaccines（91.0 % ） was similar to that of impor

关 键 词：水痘疫苗 抗体水平 抗体阳性率 免疫持久性 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]