行政许可保证金制度立法问题研究  

Study on the Legalization of Cash Deposit in Administrative Licenses

作　　者：徐晓明 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学反腐倡廉制度研究所

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2015年第11期62-70,157-158,共9页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：2012年教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目<社会管理创新目标下的行政许可后续监管问题研究--以信息均衡为视角>(项目编号:12YJC820122);中国法学会2015年部级课题<行政许可后续监管制度创新问题研究>的研究成果

摘　　要：作为一种财产担保下的公私法律责任实现担保措施,行政许可保证金制度的实施能够担保行政许可持有人公共利益修复性责任和私主体赔偿性责任的实现。目前,保证金制度实践呈现一种制度设定阶段二元模式下的非系统性特征。保证金制度在产生积极功能的同时,也会诱发压缩行政许可持有人利益空间、助长行政许可监管懈怠和越权行使司法审判权的风险。保证金制度立法完善需要重点在四个方面推进:一是在制度设定层面,以差异化为原则确定制度设定主体;二是在规制领域层面,以担保义务属性与风险防范为参考要素;三是在保证金标准层面,在效率和风险间精当寻求平衡点;四是在保证金执行层面,建立以多元替代性缴纳方式为内容的保证金缴纳制度。Practice of cash deposit in administrative licenses can guarantee the realization of public interest restoration and civil compensation on the license holders' part. However,at present,related legal system still lacks unity,hence the methods of practice are severely divided. While cash deposit does have its positive function,it also may trigger certain risks,such as compressing license holders' benefit space,encouraging slackness of supervision,and overstepping administrative authority by exercise jurisdiction. To effectively legalize cash deposit in administrative licenses,we need to focus our efforts in four main issues: Firstly,as to what bodies have the right to set administrative-license cash deposit,we should establish a difference-based principle. Secondly,as to in what administrative-license fields can we introduce cash deposit system,we must take two aspects as standards – fields of high correlation with public interest,and fields containing collateral risks with the giving out of certain administrative licenses. Thirdly,as to how to set the standards of deposit cash amount,we need to pursue a balance between efficiency and preciseness. Lastly,as to the execution of deposit cash,it is the best that we diversify payment methods,and allow alternative payment methods.

关 键 词：行政许可 后续监管 保证金 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]