山东省雾霾变化特征及一次持续性雾霾过程的分析  

The Characteristics of Haze and Fog in Shandong Province and Analysis of a Durative Haze and Fog

作　　者：张莉[1,2] 巩在武[1] 顾伟宗 陈艳春[4] 崔辰 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京276500 [2]山东省气象局,山东济南250031 [3]枣庄市气象局,山东枣庄277800 [4]山东省气候中心,山东济南250031

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第11期10-14,35,共6页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：公益性行业专项"环渤海区域强风灾害气候特征与影响评估技术研究"(GYHY201306034);公益性行业专项"我国夏季降水的多尺度多因子预测方法研究"(201306033)资助

摘　　要：利用山东省123个气象观测站1961—2012年的观测资料、美国国家环境预报中心和国家大气研究中心(NCEP\NCAR)再分析资料,分析了山东省雾霾的变化特征和一次持续性雾霾过程环流及气象要素特征。结果表明:山东雾日数呈现先增加后减少的趋势,1980年代雾日数最多,山东霾日数呈现增加趋势,21世纪以来增加明显;从空间分布特征来看,鲁西北和东南沿海地区雾日数较多,山东省雾的多发区域存在明显的季节变化,内陆地区雾主要出现在秋、冬季,东南沿海雾主要出现在春、夏季。霾多发区分布零散,局地性很强,说明雾的分布与地理因素有关,而霾的分布受城市工业和污染排放影响较大。典型的雾霾过程发生时,山东上空以平直的纬向环流为主,多短波槽活动,冷空气较弱,山东受偏西或者西南气流影响,有暖湿平流向山东输送,静稳的大气环流背景、PM2.5浓度增加和相对湿度增大为本次持续性雾霾的形成和发展提供了有力的条件。大范围霾出现前空气湿度相对较干,大约在50%左右。当相对湿度高于80%时,霾滴逐步转化为雾滴,空气湿度的变化对雾霾的预报有一定的指示意义。Based on the observation data at 123 weather stations from 1961 to 2012in Shandong Province and reanalysis data of NCEP／NCAR,the characteristics of haze and fog were analyzed.The number of fog days increased firstly and then decreased,but the largest during 1980—1989.The number of haze days increased,especially in the 21 century increased greatly.The number of fog days is more in northwestern and southeast coastal of Shandong province.The fog in inland area occurred most in autumn and winter,but The fog in coastal area most in spring and summer.The circulation of mid-latitude was straight at 500 hPa and short wave trough was activity,when the fog and haze occurred.Shandong Province was affected by Southwest or west air current.A warm advection at 850 hPa convey continually towards Shandong.The relative humidity was changed,so fog and haze appeared alternately.The relative humidity was about 50%before haze occurred but was 80% before fog.The change of the relative humidity was a instruction factor to predict the fog and haze.

关 键 词：雾霾 环流特征 相对湿度 PM2.5 

分 类 号：P427.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]