基于生态保护红线的生态安全格局构建  

Ecological security pattern construction based on ecological protection redlines

作　　者：徐德琳[1] 邹长新[1] 徐梦佳[1] 游广永[1] 吴丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《生物多样性》2015年第6期740-746,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201209027;201409055);环保部南京环境科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项"城市群生态安全格局构建技术方法"

摘　　要：生态保护红线是国家依法在重点生态功能区、生态环境敏感区和脆弱区等区域划定的严格管控边界,是国家和区域生态安全的底线。随着生态保护红线理念正式上升为国家战略,以及划定技术与方法的发展完善,生态保护红线正成为生态安全领域的核心议题。由于生态保护红线具有明显地理边界,合理整合了多部门的生态保护成果,并更加全面地关注了多种生态过程,为生态安全格局的构建与优化提供了新思路。本文在梳理生态安全格局研究进展和生态保护红线划定科学本质与内涵的基础上,探索将生态保护红线区作为生态安全格局的源地,并以此为基础进一步构建生态廊道、生态战略节点等,从而形成涵盖重要生态功能保护格局、人居环境安全格局、生物多样性维系格局的生态安全格局体系。以生态保护红线为基础的生态安全格局建设,将有效保护、恢复和重建自然生态系统的完整性,维持重要生态服务功能的可持续性。今后需深入探讨生态保护红线区内生态过程–功能–格局之间的内在联系,并在生态安全格局海陆统筹保护、配套相应管控措施、建立监督评估机制等方面做进一步研究。Ecological protection redlines are the management and control boundary delimited by government according to law and regulations, and are the baseline of ecological safety. They include important ecological functional regions, sensitive ecotopes, and fragile ecotopes. As the concept of the ecological protection red- lines has been raised as a national strategy, and the rapid development of demarcating technology and meth- odology, ecological protection redlines have become a core issue in the field of ecological security. Due to obvious boundary, integration, and comprehensiveness, the ecological protection redlines can be used as the basic spatial element to create a pattern of ecological security, and provide a new method for ecological space pattern construction and optimization. Based on the research progress of ecological safety patterns and the basic theories of ecological protection redlines, this paper attempts to regard the ecological protection red- lines as the source area of ecological protection, and furthermore to construct the ecological corridor and strategy node, thus forming a complete ecological security pattern including patterns protecting ecological function, residential environment safety, and biodiversity maintenance. The construction of ecological secu- rity patterns based on ecological redlines can effectively protect, restore and reconstruct ecosystems, and also ensure the sustainability of important ecological services. Further emphasis should be put in the following aspects： internal relationships within process-function-pattern in ecological protection redlines, comprehen- sive protection of marine and land ecological safety patterns, supporting management and control measures, and the system of supervision and evaluation.

关 键 词：生态保护红线 生态安全格局 生态源地 生态系统完整性 生态服务功能 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]