一个氨氧化菌群的筛选及除氮特性  

Screening and ammoxidation characteristics of an ammonium oxidizing bacteria group

作　　者：杨小龙[1] 刘莉华[2] 吴秉奇[1] 刘淑杰[1] 陈福明[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳清华大学研究院,深圳环境微生物资源开发与应用工程实验室,广东深圳518057 [2]深圳大学,广东省滨海土木工程耐久性重点实验室,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《微生物学报》2015年第12期1608-1618,共11页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：深圳市科技研发资金(KJYY20130905154610633)~~

摘　　要：【目的】筛选耐受低C/N比、高氨氮环境的高效氨氧化菌群,为开发新型氨氮去除菌剂奠定基础。【方法】采用多点取样、低C/N比、高浓度氨氮废水强行驯化、驯化液连续梯度稀释等步骤,筛选具有高效去除铵氮能力的氨氧化菌群,并考察不同C/N比、摇床转速和铵氮浓度下目的菌群去除铵氮的特性;分离培养目的菌群中的优势菌株,经形态学观察、生理生化特性测定和16S rRNA序列分析对菌株进行鉴定。【结果】筛选到了3个具有较强去除铵氮能力的氨氧化菌群,其中以JQ8活性最好,对初始NH4+-N 17.86 mmol/L、C/N比为4的合成废水处理6 d后,NH4+-N去除率达到97.01%;在C/N≥4、NH4+-N≤28.57 mmol/L环境下,菌群JQ8对溶液中NH4+-N的6 d去除率均可达95%,净除氮率接近80%。实验室模拟好氧活性污泥处理系统处理线路板工业废水,用菌群JQ8对系统强化处理7 d后NH4+-N和TN去除率分别达到87.8%和67.9%。分析菌群JQ8组成发现,Defluvibacter sp.、Paracoccus sp.和Aquamicrobium sp.细菌为其主要优势菌株。【结论】从垃圾渗滤液中筛选到一个具有较强铵氮去除能力的氨氧化菌群JQ8,可耐受较低C/N比和高氨氮环境,在强化污水处理系统对工业废水氨氮处理中,表现出良好的效果。[ Objective] This study aimed to screen high-performance ammonia oxidizing bacteria （AOB） resistant to a high concentration of ammonia-nitrogen and low C/N ratio, for the development of novel AOB agents. [ Methods] Multi- point sampling, compulsory domestication, gradient dilution of domestication liquid were conducted to screen AOB with efficient and stable ammonia-nitrogen removing ability, and effects of different factors on its ammoxidation ability including C/N ratio, shaking speed and ammonia-nitrogen concentration were studied. Dominant strains were screened and identified by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical properties test and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. [ Results] Three efficient AOB were obtained, among them a micro-flora named JQ8 showed the highest activity. The ammonia-nitrogen removal rate reached 95.07% in a simulated wastewater with 17.86 mmol/L of initial ammonia-nitrogen at C/N 4 treated by JQ8 for 6 days. Moreover, its ammonia nitrogen removal rate kept above 95% and net nitrogen removing rate nearly 80% in the solution with a C/N ratio above 4 and an NH4 -N concentration below 28.57 mmol/L. The circuit board industry wastewater was treated using the laboratory-simulated aerobic active sludge disposal system. The removal rate of NH4＋ -N and total nitrogen reached 87.8% and 67.6% respectively after 7 days＇ treatment using JQ8. Defluvibacter sp. , Paracoccus sp. and Aquamicrobium sp. were identified as the dominant strains after the composition analysis of JQ8. [ Conclusion] An ammonia oxidizing bacteria consortium JQ8 screened from the landfill leachate showed a strong ammonium-nitrogen removal and endurance ability under low C/N ratio and high ammonia-nitrogen concentration, thus is probably applicable to intensify the ammonia-nitrogen removal treatment of industrial wastewater with sewage disposal system.

关 键 词：氨氧化菌群 筛选 除氮特性 菌株鉴定 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172