机械通风与自然通风对办公建筑室内环境营造差异性的模拟分析  

Simulation Analysis on Differences between Mechanical Ventilation and Natural Ventilation on Indoor Environment in Office Buildings

作　　者：安晶晶[1] 燕达[1] 周欣[1] 孙开宇 

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑节能研究中心,北京100084 [2]美国劳伦斯伯克利实验室

出　　处：《建筑科学》2015年第10期124-133,共10页Building Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"建筑节能基础数据的采集与分析和数据库建立"(2012BAJ12B01);中国工程科技中长期发展战略研究项目"建筑节能技术适宜性研究";国家自然科学基金委员会专项基金项目"建筑节能技术适宜性研究"(L1322018)

摘　　要：通风换气对营造室内环境有着重要作用,同时对室内热湿环境与供暖空调能耗也有很大影响。通风对室内空气质量具有两重性,可以排除室内污染,又在室外出现严重污染时引入室外污染;对供暖空调能耗也具有两重性,室外环境好时可以节能,室外环境差时增加能耗。现有的通风方式主要有自然通风和机械通风两种,机械通风是一种定量持续恒定的通风方式,而自然通风是一种不定量间歇反馈的方式,这两种通风方式在营造室内环境上存在很多差异。本文以北京夏季的中小型办公建筑为典型案例进行模拟计算,通过对比分析两种通风方式的CO2浓度、温度及冷负荷,探讨两种通风方式的差异及适宜性。Ventilation is important both for building energy consumption and creating a good indoor environment.Indoor air quality and ventilation air conditioning energy consumption has a dual nature： if outdoor environment is good,you can take advantage of the natural environment to improve indoor temperature and humidity,reduce energy consumption,and remove indoor pollutants; If outdoor environment is poor,the ventilation will increase the cooling / heating load,or introduce outdoor pollution. There ＇re two main approaches of ventilation,that are natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation is a quantitative,sustaining and invariable ventilation mode,while natural ventilation is a kind of ventilation mode with inconstant,intermittent and reactive.There is a wide difference between natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation in energy consumption,mainly due to the impact of ventilation. In this paper,based on an integrated multi-parameter simulation platform,a small office building is chosen to be the typical case to analyze the differences between these two ventilation approaches from the CO2 concentration,indoor temperature and cooling load,and the suitability analysis of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation is also given in this paper.

关 键 词：自然通风 机械通风 冷负荷 室内环境 差异性 

分 类 号：TU834.1[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] TU834.2