当代美国的精明增长运动及其评价  

The Smart Growth Movement of Contemporary America and Its Evaluation

作　　者：孙群郎[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,321004

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2015年第4期87-98,159,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“当代美国大都市区空间蔓延的危害及其治理研究”(11BSS015)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：当代美国大都市区的低密度蔓延造成了一系列经济、社会和生态危害,于20世纪70年代兴起的增长管理运动到90年代发展为一个内容更加广泛的精明增长运动,一些相关组织提出了精明增长的概念和原则,在这些原则的指导下,许多州和地方政府制定和实施了精明增长政策和土地利用规划,对于遏制大都市区的蔓延及其危害发挥了积极的作用。然而,由于不同利益集团的冲突、学术界的歧见、草根阶层的抵制以及最高法院的司法判决,精明增长运动也面临着严峻的挑战。The low density sprawl of American metropolitan areas produced a series of economic,social and biological problems.So from the beginning of the 1970 s,there appeared a growth management movement,and this movement developed into smart growth movement in the 1990 s.Some planning organizations put forward some concepts of Smart Growth and its principles.Under the direction of the principles,some states and local governments formulated and implemented a series of Smart Growth policies and land use plans.The implementation of these policies and plans did produce some positive effects,but because of the conflict of different groups,the different viewpoints of scholars,the resist of the grass roots,and the judicial decision of the Federal Supreme Court,this movement has been confronting a series of severe challenges.

关 键 词：美国城市史 精明增长 增长管理 邻避主义 财产征用 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]