不同精粗比颗粒饲料对断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物的影响  

Effects of diet pellets with different concentrate-roughage ratios on rumen fermentation parameters and microorganism abundance in weaned bull calves

作　　者：杨宏波[1] 刘红[1] 占今舜[1] 林淼[1] 赵国琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《草业学报》2015年第12期131-138,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑项目(BE2013387);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同精粗比颗粒饲料对中国荷斯坦断奶公犊牛瘤胃微生物蛋白、发酵参数和微生物数量的影响。选用12头3月龄大的中国荷斯坦断奶公犊牛,按照日龄相近(103.92±1.5 d)、体重相似(121.25±4.12kg)的原则随机分成4组,每组3头,分别饲喂精粗比为75∶25(Ⅰ)、70∶30(Ⅱ)、65∶35(Ⅲ)、60∶40(Ⅳ)的4种全价颗粒饲料。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。测定犊牛瘤胃微生物蛋白、发酵参数和微生物数量。结果表明,处理组Ⅳ的总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度最低,且显著低于处理组Ⅰ(P<0.05);处理组Ⅳ的丁酸浓度最高,且显著高于处理组Ⅰ、Ⅲ(P<0.05);处理组Ⅲ的乙酸/丙酸最大,且显著大于处理组Ⅳ(P<0.05)。处理组Ⅳ的白色瘤胃球菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌和真菌的相对表达量最高,且显著高于其他各处理组(P<0.05);处理组Ⅲ的黄色瘤胃球菌的相对表达量最高,且显著高于其他各处理组(P<0.05)。综上所述,高精料全价颗粒饲料虽然能提高犊牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸的水平,但会抑制瘤胃纤维降解菌和厌氧真菌的生长。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of diet pellets with different concentrate-roughage ratios on rumen microbial protein synthesis,fermentation and microorganism abundance in weaned bull calves. A total of 12 healthy,weaned Holstein bull calves (age=103.92±1.5 d;weight=121.25±4.12 kg)were ran-domly assigned to 4 groups (Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ),with 3 calves in each group.The treatment diets were com-plete-diet pellets with four concentrate-roughage ratios (75 ∶25,Ⅰ;70 ∶30,Ⅱ;65 ∶35,Ⅲ;60 ∶40,Ⅳ). The experiment ran for 70 days in total,including 14 d for adaptation and 56 d for the trial itself.Rumen mi-crobial protein synthesis,fermentation and microbial abundance were measured.The results showed that total volatile fatty acids (VFA)and acetate concentration in group Ⅳ were the lowest,and were significantly lower than those in groupⅠ(P <0.05).The butyrate level of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than groupsⅠand Ⅲ(P <0.05).Group Ⅲ had the highest A∶P,which was significantly greater than group Ⅳ(P <0.05).The relative abundance of Ruminococcus albus ,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and general fungi in group Ⅳ was signifi-cantly higher than the other three groups (P <0.05).Ruminococcus flavefaciens abundance was the highest in group Ⅲ when compared with the other groups (P <0.05).The results indicate that rumen total VFA and ace-tate concentration can be increased in high-concentrate groups,while it will inhibit growth of the fibre-adherent rumen bacteria and anaerobic fungi.

关 键 词：颗粒饲料 微生物蛋白 瘤胃发酵 瘤胃微生物 犊牛 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]