干旱区荒漠分类系统探讨——以新疆为例  

A discussion on classification system of desert in arid land

作　　者：杨发相[1] 桂东伟[1] 岳健[1] 雷加强[1] 张志伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]西藏大学农牧学院资源与环境学院,林芝860000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2015年第11期145-151,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41471031);自治区重大专项课题(201130106-3)资助

摘　　要：荒漠是干旱区地理景观的重要组成部分,对荒漠类型进行划分,是干旱区地理学研究的重要内容。新疆荒漠具有分布广泛、类型复杂等特点。利用新疆数字地貌图结合2000年Landsat卫星TM数据与GIS制图技术,通过长期野外调查结合有关荒漠类型的文献分析,以新疆为例探讨干旱区荒漠分类系统。1)提出荒漠的更新定义,荒漠为干旱或高寒气候条件下形成的地表植被稀疏或裸露的地理景观。2)新疆荒漠具有水平地带性与垂直地带性分布的规律,同时也存在非地带性分布的特点。3)在分析荒漠形成的自然与人为因素的基础上,提出荒漠划分的三条原则和四个指标,将新疆荒漠划分为2个一级类、7个二级类、115个三级类和123个四级类型。Desert is an important part of geographical landscape in arid land,and classifying desert is an important content of arid zone geography. The deserts in Xinjiang are widely distributed and categorically complicated.By using Xinjiang digital geomorphologic map and combining with Landsat TM satellite data of 2000 and GIS mapping technology,through long- term field investigation and literature analysis on desert type,the desert classification system was explored. The main conclusions are as follows.（ 1） The definition of desert is updated：desert is a kind of geographical landscape with sparse vegetation or bare surface due to climatically arid and cold conditions.（ 2） Deserts of Xinjiang have horizontal zonal distribution law and vertical zonal distribution law,and also have characteristic of non- zonal distribution.（ 3） Based on the analysis of natural and human factors in the formation of deserts,3 principles and 4 indicators were proposed for desert classification,and deserts of Xinjiang were divided into 2 first- class,7 second- class,115 third- classes and 123 fourth- class types.

关 键 词：荒漠 类型 分类系统 新疆 

分 类 号：P941.73[天文地球—自然地理学]