饲粮中添加禾王草对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响  

Effects of Pennisetum sp. Supplied in Diet on Ruminal Fermentation and Performance of Dairy Cows

作　　者：马健[1,2] 刘艳芳[1] 王雅晶[2] 曹志军[2] 李胜利[2] 余雄[1] 杨基 雷小英 马亚宾[5] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [3]北京永润国农生态科技有限公司,北京100080 [4]河北省晋州市周家庄农牧业有限公司,石家庄052262 [5]河北省畜牧良种工作站,石家庄050061

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第11期3429-3437,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-37)

摘　　要：为提高牧场养殖经济效益,本文研究了饲粮中添加禾王草青贮或干草对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质消化率和生产性能的影响。选取45头健康荷斯坦奶牛,按产奶量、胎次和泌乳天数等相近原则随机分成3组。对照组饲粮粗饲料由全株玉米青贮、羊草和苜蓿干草构成,试验Ⅰ组粗饲料由禾王草青贮、全株玉米青贮、羊草和苜蓿干草构成,试验Ⅱ组粗饲料由禾王草干草、全株玉米青贮和苜蓿干草构成,3组饲粮营养水平相近。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组能显著提高瘤胃液氨态氮含量和乙酸含量、乳蛋白率(P<0.05),对其他乳成分、干物质采食量(DMI)、产奶量和营养物质消化率影响不显著(P>0.05),每头牛每天多盈利1.19元。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组能显著降低瘤胃液氨态氮含量(P<0.05),对乳成分和营养物质消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05),能提高奶牛的DMI和产奶量,差异不显著(P>0.05),每头牛每天多盈利2.07元。由此可知,用禾王草青贮代替适量全株玉米青贮或用禾王草干草代替部分苜蓿干草不会影响奶牛的生产性能,同时会提高牧场奶牛养殖经济效益。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Pennisetum sp. silage and Pennisetum sp. hay on ruminal fermentation,nutrient digestibility and performance of dairy cows. Forty-five healthy Chinese Holstein lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 15 cows in each group by milk yield,parity and days in milk. Roughages in control group（ CG） were whole corn silage,Chinese wildrye and alfalfa hay,those in trial group Ⅰ were Pennisetum sp. silage,whole corn silage,Chinese wildrye and alfalfa hay,and those in trial group Ⅱ were Pennisetum sp. hay,whole corn silage and alfalfa hay. Nutrient levels of the three diets were close. The pre-trial lasted for 10 days,and the trial lasted for60 d. The results showed as follows： 1） compared with CG,the content of ammonia nitrogen of acetate in rumen fluid,and milk protein percentage in trial group Ⅰ were significantly increased（ P〈 0.05）. The other milk composition,dry matter intake,milk yield and nutrient digestibility had no significant differences（ P〈 0. 05）.The benefit per cowper day improved 1. 19 yuan. 2） Compared with CG,the milk composition and nutrient digestibility in trial group Ⅱ were not significantly changed（ P〉 0.05）,and the content of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid was significantly decreased（ P〉 0.05）. The dry matter intake and milk was slightly increased（ P〈 0.05）. The benefit per cowper day improved 2.07 yuan. It is concluded that partial replacement of whole corn silage with Pennisetum sp. silage and partial replacement of alfalfa hay with Pennisetum sp. hay in diets can bring in better economic benefit without influencing cows＇ performance.

关 键 词：禾王草 荷斯坦奶牛 瘤胃发酵 消化率 生产性能 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S816.5[农业科学—畜牧兽医]