四川省蛋鸡配合饲料及鸡蛋重金属含量分布  

Heavy Metal Content in the Compound Feed and Eggs of Laying Hens of Sichuan Province

作　　者：原泽鸿 黄选洋 张克英[1] 丁雪梅[1] 曾秋凤[1] 白世平[1] 罗玉衡[1] 王建萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,动物抗病营养教育部重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第11期3485-3494,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(青年项目31402031);四川省教育厅青年基金(13ZB0290);科技部科技支撑计划(2014BAD13B04);四川省科技厅(2014NZ0043,2014NZ0002,2013NZ0054)

摘　　要：蛋鸡配合饲料和鸡蛋中重金属元素污染对动物健康及畜产品安全造成危害,本文旨在评估四川省蛋鸡配合饲料和鸡蛋的重金属含量现状。采集四川省内14个大中型饲料公司和4个大型养殖场不同时期(18个产蛋高峰期、11个育雏育成期和6个产蛋前期)的蛋鸡配合饲料以及11个品牌的鸡蛋,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钒(V)、铬(Cr)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)、硒(Se)、钼(Mo)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)的含量进行了研究。结果表明:样品中重金属的分布不均衡,不符合正态分布,其中产蛋高峰期配合饲料中的Cr和育雏育成期中的Pb含量较高,分别为5.61和2.74 mg/kg,其平均Cr和Pb含量未超出限量标准(10和5 mg/kg),但部分来源饲料样品超出限量标准,超标率分别为11.1%和18.2%。饲料中的As、Cd、Hg均未超过我国《饲料卫生标准》限量;另外产蛋高峰期配合饲料中的V含量为1.74 mg/kg,最高检测值为5.2 mg/kg,超过了《Mineral Tolerance of Animals》中蛋鸡对V的耐受剂量(5 mg/kg),超标率为5.6%,但我国《饲料卫生标准》中并未规定其限量。本次抽样调查发现不同时期的蛋鸡配合饲料中重金属含量差异不显著(P>0.05),鸡蛋样品中Pb、Hg、As、Cr、Cd等金属的含量未超过限量标准。综上所述:四川地区蛋鸡配合饲料和鸡蛋中的重金属含量随厂家和品牌的不同含量差异较大,其中Cr和Pb含量在部分饲料公司中超标严重;此外,具有潜在危险的重金属V在蛋鸡配合饲料中含量较高,且国内没有限量标准,应引起重视。Compound feeds of laying hen and eggs run a risk of heavy metals pollution,which is a potential hazard to animal health and safety of animal products. A total of 35 compound feeds at different periods（ 18 kinds of laying peak period,11 kinds of brood incubation period,and 6 kinds of pre-peak laying period）sourced from 11 different feed companies and 4 large commercial farms and 11 brands of eggs in Sichuan province were sampled to investigate the status and potential hazards of the 13 common heavy metal elements. The contents of manganese（ Mn）,copper（ Cu）,zinc（ Zn）,vanadium（ V）,cobalt（ Co）,nickel（ Ni）,arsenic（ As）,selenium（ Se）,molybdenum（ Mo）,cadmium（ Cd）,mercury（ Hg）,and lead（ Pb） were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ ICP-MS）. The results showed as follows： the distributions of the heavy metals in the samples were not in equilibrium,and they didn＇t obey the normal distribution. The average concentration of Cr and Pb in compound feeds of laying peak and brood incubation periods were 5.61 and 2.74 mg / kg,respectively,which were under the limits standard（ 10 and 5 mg / kg）,but some companies＇ feeds were observed to exceed the limits standard at 11.1% and 18.2%. The contents of As,Cd,Hg in other feeds did not exceed the National Hygienic Standard for Feeds. In addition,the average level of V in compound feeds of laying peak period was 1. 74 mg / kg, whereas the maximum detection value was5.2 mg / kg,which beyond the tolerated level of vanadium in the feed as suggested by United States standard（ 5 mg /kg）,and the over standard rate of V was 5. 6%. However,the standard of the National Hygienic Standard for Feeds did not set its limits. Moreover,the detection of heavy metals in eggs had not been found to exceed the standard. In summary,the heavy metal content of different layer＇s feeds and different brands of eggs in Sichuan is differed at large scale. Cr and Pb are shown to exceed its limits levels in some companies

关 键 词：配合饲料 电感耦合等离子体质谱 重金属 钒 鸡蛋 

分 类 号：S831.41[农业科学—畜牧学]