不同益生菌对肉鸡肠道菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Different Probiotics on Intestinal Microbial Community Structure of Broilers

作　　者：李可[1] 罗建杰[1,2] 孟昆[1] 姚斌[1] 刘国华[1] 郑爱娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业部饲料生物技术重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]北京科为博生物科技有限公司,北京100086

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第11期3516-3526,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家肉鸡产业技术体系2011-2015年度前瞻性研究(CARS-42-G16);“十二五”科技支撑计划生态环保饲料生产关键技术研发与集成示范(2011BAD26B03)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究益生菌对肉鸡肠道微生态环境的影响,饲养试验选取1日龄的肉公鸡432只,分成4个组,组1饲喂基础饲粮,组2饲喂基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌(≥4×106CFU/g饲粮),组3饲喂基础饲粮+屎肠球菌(≥106CFU/g饲粮),组4饲喂基础饲粮+丁酸梭菌(≥106CFU/g饲粮)。采用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术对肉鸡肠道内细菌16S r DNA V3区进行菌群多样性分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR(q PCR)技术对肠道菌群数量进行定量分析。PCR-DGGE指纹图谱结果表明:与对照组相比,地衣芽孢杆菌、屎肠球菌和丁酸梭菌均不同程度的影响了肉鸡回肠、空肠及盲肠样品PCR-DGGE指纹图谱的条带数,其中屎肠球菌处理后回肠、空肠样品PCR-DGGE指纹图谱的条带数显著增加(P<0.05),其余样品PCR-DGGE指纹图谱的条带数无显著变化(P>0.05)。由PCR-DGGE指纹图谱条带明亮度可知:屎肠球菌在回肠食糜中发生了生长繁殖,且促进了乳杆菌生长;地衣芽孢杆菌的添加促进了乳杆菌的生长繁殖,与其产生了协同作用,而抑制了粪肠球菌(C.eutactus)和梭菌(C.irregulare)的生长,二者相互竞争;饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌促进了L.aviaries在空肠及L.versmoldensis在回肠食糜中的生长繁殖,其作用效果比较专一。q PCR结果表明:地衣芽孢杆菌组空肠、回肠及盲肠细菌的菌群数量分别是对照组的1.5倍、1.0倍和1.3倍;屎肠球菌组空肠、回肠及盲肠细菌的菌群数量分别是对照组的4.0倍、6.0倍及0.6倍;丁酸梭菌组空肠、回肠及盲肠细菌的菌群数量分别是对照组的1倍、3.5倍及0.5倍。该研究结果表明地衣芽孢杆菌、屎肠球菌和丁酸梭菌不同程度改变了肉鸡肠道的菌群结构。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different probiotics（ Bacillus licheniformis,Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium butyricum） on microbial community structure of broilers. A total of 432one-day-old roosters were randomly allocated to 4 groups,group 1 was fed the basal diet,groups 2 to 4 were fed the basal diet with Bacillus licheniformis（ ≥4 × 106 CFU / g）,Enterococcus faecium（ ≥106CFU / g） and Clostridium butyricum（ ≥106CFU / g）,respectively. Diversity of intestinal microflora was determined based on V3 variable regions of bacteria 16 S r DNA by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（ DGGE）technique. The flora amount of bacteria in the intestine was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR（ q PCR）.The PCR-DGGE fingerprints results showed as follows： compared with the control group,Enterococcus could significantly increase the number of bands in PCR-DGGE fingerprints（ P〈 0. 05）,while the number of bands in PCR-DGGE fingerprints of other group was not significantly affected（ P〈 0. 05）. From the brightness of bands in PCR-DGGE fingerprints,we could knowthat： Enterococcus faecium was successfully colonized in the ileum,and promote the growth of Lactobacillus,Bacillus licheniformis,also promote the growth of Lactobacillus with a synergistic effect,and inhibit the growth of C. eutactus and C. irregulare with a competition effect. Clostridium butyricum promote the growth of L. aviaries in jejunum and L. versmoldensis in ileum with a more specific effect. The q PCR results showed as follows： the flora amount of bacteria in jejunum,ileum and cecum of Bacillus licheniformis group was 1.5,1.0 and 1.3 times as many as that of control group; the flora amount of bacteria in jejunum,ileum and cecum of Enterococcus faecium group was 4.0,6.0 and 0.6 times as many as that of control group; the flora amount of bacteria in jejunum,ileum and cecum of Clostridium butyricum group was 1.0,3.5 and 0.5 times as many as that of control group. In conclusion,Ba

关 键 词：益生菌 变性梯度凝胶电泳 实时荧光定量PCR 肠道 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学] S831[农业科学—畜牧学]