膜下秸秆还田双垄种植对土壤养分平衡及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of double mulched furrow-ridge cropping with film and straw on soil nutrients balance and maize yield in semiarid area of China

作　　者：杨封科[1] 何宝林[2] 张立功 高应平 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省庄浪县农技推广中心,甘肃庄浪744600

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第11期1892-1901,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划课题--覆盖沟垄耕作土壤有机质提升关键技术研究与示范(1204NKCA108);甘肃省农业科学院科技创新工程学科团队--旱地作物节水栽培与生理生态(2014GAAS01)

摘　　要：2011-2013年采用裂区试验设计,探讨膜下秸秆还田双覆盖与双垄种植对土壤养分平衡及玉米(Zea mays)产量的影响。结果表明,该模式叠加放大了地膜覆盖增温增湿、秸秆覆盖调温保湿和双垄种植集保水效应,使0-25 cm土层温度和0-100 cm土层含水量比露地平均提高3℃和3.71百分点,有效加速了还田秸秆的腐解与养分释放,第2年即明显提高了土壤有机质及速效养分含量。3年定位试验土壤有机质、土壤全N、P、K,以及土壤速效N、P、K平均含量,分别比露地增加了1.19%、3.08%、9.14%、6.78%、6.28%、1.85%和7.10%。水温环境与地力的改善优化了生境,促进了玉米生长发育,显著改善了株高、穗位、双穗率、百粒重等产量性状和用水效率,使全膜双垄膜下秸秆还田玉米较露地平均增产64.22%。因此,膜下秸秆还田双垄种植是550 mm降水量半干旱区培肥地力及玉米高效种植的有效方式。Split-plot designed field experiment was carried out to test the effects of film straw double mulched furrow-ridge cropping on soil nutrient balance and maize yield at Zhuanglang station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in semiarid area of China during 2011- 2013. The results showed that this cropping model had superimposed and amplified the effects of both the soil moisture and temperature increase of film mulch,the soil moisture and temperature adjust and maintain of straw mulch and the water harvesting of furrow-ridge cropping that significantly increased the 0- 25 cm soil layer average temperature and 0- 100 cm soil layer moisture by 3 ℃ and 3. 71 percentage points compare with that of bare land cropping,which in turn effectively accelerated straw decomposition and nutrients release and resulted in an apparent effect of increase soil organic matter and available nutrients content after the second year applying. The three year average contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium at 0- 40 cm soil layer had increased by 1. 19%,3.08%,9. 14%,6. 78%,6. 28%,1. 85%,7. 10% compare with that of bare land cropping,respectively. Soil moisture-temperature environment and fertility improvement had optimized crop growth habitat and effectively boosted maize growth and development,with significantly improving in yield traits of plant height,ear position,double ear rate,grain number per ears and 100-grain weight resulted in 64. 22% yield increase than that of bare land cropping. So the crop model about film-mulched furrow-ridge cropping with straw returning underneath is recommended as the effective way of soil fertility improvement and maize efficient growth in 550 mm precipitation semiarid area of China.

关 键 词：全膜双垄 膜下秸秆还田 培肥地力 玉米 高效种植 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]