世界奶牛繁殖力的变化趋势  

World Trends in Dairy Cow Fertility

作　　者：孙凤俊[1] 张佳谊[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京奶牛中心科研中心,延庆102100

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2015年第22期11-14,共4页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"奶牛良种繁育体系及高效扩繁关键技术研究"(2012BAD12B01);北京市科技计划"奶牛良种自主繁育体系建立及关键技术研究"(D121100003312001)和"奶牛良种遗传物质的推广与技术服务体系建立"(D121100003312004)

摘　　要：尽管不同国家和不同奶牛品种之间繁殖力存在差异,但自1980年以来,奶牛繁殖力已普遍下降。然而,21世纪初以后,许多国家奶牛繁殖力表型和遗传型性状有改进的趋势,这在很大程度上是由于引入繁殖力育种值,在育种目标中增加繁殖力权重的结果。然而还有些国家,奶牛繁殖力在遗传上仍然继续退化。遗传改良的障碍包括:繁殖力育种值遗传力低(通过基因组选择可有助于提高公牛育种值的可靠性);将奶产量与繁殖力对经济驱动的重要性加以比较,导致繁殖力选择强度不够;繁殖力性状和产奶性状存在遗传负相关;近亲交配对繁殖性能的影响以及隐性致死性状的概率增加。Although differences exist between breeds and countries, dairy cow fertility has generally declined since around 1980. However, for many countries, an improvement in phenotypic and genetic trends for female fertility has been observed from the early to mid 2000 s largely as a consequence of introducing breeding values for fertility and increased emphasis on fertility in breeding objectives. However, for some countries, fertility is still deteriorating genetically. Barriers to genetic improvement include： 1） the low heritability of fertility – genomic selection tools have helped to increase the reliability of bullbreeding values; 2） insufficient selection intensity on fertility as a consequence of economic drivers of milk production versus fertility; 3） a possible association between level of milk production and the genetic correlation of fertility and milk production and 4） the impact of inbreeding on reproductive performance and increased probability of lethal recessives arising.

关 键 词：奶牛 繁殖力 遗传趋势 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]