战后初期美国对拉美的经济政策及其调整  

U.S.Economic Policy toward Latin America in the Post-Second World War Period

作　　者：杜娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2015年第5期20-27,79,共8页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：杜鲁门政府摒弃了二战期间美国给予拉美国家经济援助的承诺,加强在这一地区的资本输出和自由贸易。艾森豪威尔政府进一步确定了"重贸易轻援助"的经济政策,却遭受拉美国家的反对和本国的争议。随后,艾森豪威尔政府三次调整政策,逐渐放弃了"财政保守主义",不断加大对拉美的经援力度。为了抑制西半球的革命形势,肯尼迪政府出台了一系列经济援助计划,同时扩大在拉美的投资和贸易。总之,促进自由贸易和投资、扩大对拉美经济的影响力始终是美国对拉美经济政策的核心;只是随着国际和地区局势的变化,美国对拉美的经援政策和美拉关系会出现周期性调整。After the Second World War,the Truman administration didn' t honor the promise of providing economic aid for Latin American countries.As an alternative,it tried to boost capital export to and free trade with the region.The Eisenhower administration implemented the 'Trade not Aid' economic policy in the region,causing widespread resentment both at home and abroad.President Eisenhower was pressured to make policy adjustments for three times,suspending fiscal conservatism and starting to increase economic aid to regional countries.To cope with revolutionary momentums in the Western Hemisphere,the Kennedy administration adopted large-scale economic aid plans and expanded U.S.investment and trade in the region.It is concluded that to boost free trade and investment will continue to be the core of U.S.economic policy toward Latin America.

关 键 词：重贸易轻援助 财政保守主义 第四点计划 

分 类 号：F249.212[经济管理—劳动经济]