钾肥调控对烤烟光合作用和产量及品质的影响  

Effects of potassium management on photosynthesis, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：郑传刚[1,2] 吴昊[2] 余祥文[3] 马均[1] 胡雁翼 廖华[3] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水稻研究所,四川成都611130 [2]西昌学院农业科学学院,四川西昌615013 [3]四川省烟草公司技术中心,四川西昌615000

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第6期621-626,共6页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局重大专项(201138076);四川省烟草公司重点项目(201301001)

摘　　要：以烤烟新品系JSZX–09–011杂交一代为材料,通过设置不同钾肥施用量(K2O施用量分别为135、180、225 kg/hm2)和基追比例(钾肥基肥和追肥比例分别为3∶7、5∶5、7∶3),研究攀西烟区"前干后湿"钾肥调控对烤烟烟叶光合作用、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,钾肥施用量180 kg/hm2条件下,烟株叶面积指数、光合速率以及最终产量等较均其余处理表现出较大优势,前钾后移则能有效改善烟株冠层结构,提升其光合作用;随着追肥比例提高,冠层叶片SPAD值显著增加,有利于提高烟株光合作用,烟碱含量则有降低的趋势,糖碱比、钾碱比趋向协调,烟叶品质明显提高。在攀西烟区供钾量180 kg/hm2,基肥和追肥比例为3∶7,有利于烤烟产量和质量的协调,提高烟叶工业适用性。Field trials were conducted on a new flue-cured tobacco line JSZX-09-011 to study the influence of potash fertilizer management （K20 application being 135, 180 and 225 kg/hm2 with the ratio of basal to top-dressing K fertilizer being 3 ： 7, 5 ： 5 and 7 ： 3 respectively） on photosynthesis, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco grown in Panxi tobacco-growing areas in Sichuan. The results showed that leaf area index （LAD, net photosynthesis rate and yield of tobacco plants all showed great advantages in treatments with potash application at 180 kg/hm2compared to other treatments. Tobacco plants with postponing K fertilizer improved the canopy structure and consequently increased the photosynthesis efficiency. With the increasing of top-dressing K fertilizer, the SPAD value of canopy leaves raised significantly which is in favor of improving the photosynthesis efficiency of tobacco plantswhile ; nicotine content of tobacco leaves showed a decreasing tendency, and the ratio of sugar to nicotine and the proportion of potash came into a balance, which greatly improved the quality of tobacco leaves. In general, under medium fertility condition of Panxi tobacco-growing areas, potash applied at 180 kg/hm2 integrated with ratio of basal to top-dressing potash being 3 ： 7 was beneficial to coordinate the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, which will enhance the industrial applicability of tobacco leaf.

关 键 词：烤烟 钾肥施用量 光合作用 烟叶产量 烟叶品质 攀西烟区 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]