长白山国家级自然保护区两栖类动物道路致死特征分析  

Traffic Death of Amphibian on Tourism Highway in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve

作　　者：王卓聪 王云[2] 王超 罗玉梅 黄利亚 张睿 邰志娟 朴正吉 

机构地区：[1]长白山科学研究院,吉林133613 [2]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2015年第6期866-874,共9页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30670389);交通运输部西部交通建设科技项目(No.2010 318 221 009);吉林省科技厅应用基础项目(No.201205039);吉林省科技厅自然科学基金项目(No.20140101019JC)

摘　　要：为了解旅游道路交通导致的两栖类致死效应,于2007~2014年在环绕长白山国家级自然保护区的环长白山旅游公路（环区公路）、头道环区公路以及白山公路分别选取1条样线,采用直接计数法统计了交通致死的两栖类种类、数量,以及致死个体处于交通路段的位置,共统计257次,累计调查样带总长2 441 km。道路致死两栖类种类有5种,累计致死个体数为7 910只,平均致死率为3.34只/km。最容易致死的两栖类动物是中国林蛙（Rana chensinensi）、东方铃蟾（Bombina orientalis）、中华蟾蜍（Bufo gargariza）,这3种动物占到致死总数的96.36%;经Moses Test检验,白山公路的致死率、头道公路的致死率及环区公路致死率均与对照土路致死率差异显著（白山公路：n=67,P=0.000;头道公路：n=76,P=0.000;环区公路：n=164,P=0.000）。白山公路与头道公路两栖类致死率差异显著（n=93,P=0.010）,白山公路与环区公路的两栖类道路致死率差异显著（n=181,P=0.000）;头道公路与环区公路的两栖类道路致死率差异显著（n=190,P=0.000）。两栖类道路致死高峰期在8月份,其次较集中出现在4~6月的繁殖期。从公路年度致死变化来看,2007~2014年期间除了中国林蛙和中华蟾蜍致死率呈小幅波动外,其他种类致死率总体呈下降趋势,只有日本树蟾（Hyla japonica）年度致死率差异显著（Kruskal Wallis Test：χ2=18.031,df=7,P=0.012）;不同月份中华蟾蜍（Pearson：R=0.939,n=7,P=0.002）、中国林蛙（Pearson：R=0.912,n=7,P=0.004）、日本树蟾（Pearson：R=0.904,n=7,P=0.005）致死率与交通量显著相关。本研究认为,两栖类的道路致死率与两栖类种群大小、种群密度、生活史及交通量等都存在显著相关性。In order to understand the effect of amphibians mortality caused by traffic, one transect survey was conducted on each of the three roads named the Ring road, Toudao road and Baishan road with 2 441 km in length in the Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve from 2007 to 2014. Total of 7 910 amphibians, belonging to 5 species killed by traffic was recorded by direct counting method on the transects during 257 times survey. The average mortality was 3.34 ind/km（Table 1）. The most vulnerable species were Chinese brown frog（Rana chensinensi）, oriental fire-bellied toad（Bombina orientalis） and Asiatic toad（Bufo gargariza）, they were accounted for 96.36% of the total mortality. The traffic death on each of the tree road was significal difference from the control road（dirty road）, for Baishan Road（Moses Test： n = 67, P = 0.000）, Toudao Road（n = 76, P = 0.000）; and ring Road（n = 164, P = 0.000）. The death rates among the three surveyed road were also different significantly, between Baishan road and Toudao Road（n = 93, P = 0.010）, Baishan road and Ring road（n = 181, P = 0.000）, Toudao Road and Ring Road（n = 190, P = 0.000）（Fig. 2）. The highest traffic death occurred in August, followed by breeding period of amphibian between April to June. The traffic death rate of amphibian species from 2007 to 2014 was declined yearly for most species except for the Japan tree toad（Hyla japonica） whose death rate varied yearly with significantly difference（Kruskal Wallis Test： χ2 = 18.031, df = 7, P = 0.012）. While the death rates of Chinese brown frog and Asiatic toad showed a small fluctuation yearly from 2007 to 2014（Fig. 3）. The monthly death rate for three amphibian was closely related to the traffic volume, for Asiatic toad（Pearson： R = 0.939, n = 7, P = 0.002）, Chinese brown frog（Pearson： R = 0.912, n = 7, P = 0.004）, Japan tree toad（Pearson： R = 0.904, n = 7, P = 0.005）. We found out the traffic death rate was significantly correlated with the

关 键 词：道路致死 两栖类 交通量 长白山自然保护区 道路生态学 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]