花背蟾蜍蝌蚪胃的发育形态学观察  

Developmental Morphology of the Stomach in Siberian Toad(Bufo raddei) Tadpoles

作　　者：王晓旭[1] 李丕鹏[1] 高凤娟[1] 白树崇[2] 陆宇燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学两栖爬行动物研究所,辽宁省生物进化与生物多样性重点实验室,沈阳110034 [2]沈阳师范大学古生物研究所,沈阳110034

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2015年第6期875-885,共11页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30870276)

摘　　要：应用大体解剖、组织切片和扫描电镜3种形态学方法对花背蟾蜍(Bufo raddei)蝌蚪在生长发育和变态过程中胃的形态结构变化进行了观察。结果显示,在蝌蚪发育24期(即G24)消化道呈简单的管状结构,胃与小肠等区分不明显,胃壁由内层矮柱状黏膜上皮细胞和其外的扁平上皮细胞层构成;直到26期胃略膨大,呈短粗管状,与小肠和食道可明显区分,胃壁内层的黏膜上皮细胞呈高柱状,上皮细胞间出现少量杯状细胞;36期的胃管明显膨大,其壁已具有胃的4层基本组织结构,杯状细胞数量增加,黏膜上皮细胞游离面有细长的微绒毛交织成网状覆盖;42期胃发育呈"C"字形,胃壁具备了消化道典型的4层结构,有胃腺芽出现,黏膜细胞的微绒毛短而直立,仅极少数细胞有长的微绒毛;蝌蚪发育到46期,肠道缩短,胃呈"J"字状,占消化道大部分,胃体中胃腺发达。在临近肝一侧,黏膜上皮细胞的微绒毛较短,胃腺少而小;而在相反一侧,微绒毛较长,胃腺多而大。基于上述结果说明,花背蟾蜍蝌蚪胃在36期已经基本完成了组织结构的分化,在变态发育期间结构和功能得到进一步完善,以适应变态后陆地生活的食性变化。The morphological changes of stomach during siberain toad（Bufo raddeis） tadpole development were investigated with gross anatomic, general histological and scanning electron microscopic methods. We measured the lengths of tadpole body, digestive tract and stomach, thicknesses of stomach wall, mucosa, submucosa, muscle and serosa, and height of epithelial cells, and analyzed their relationship during development by one-way ANOVA. The developmental stages of siberain toad tadpole were identified according to Gonser′s method. During the tadpole development, the digestive tract elongated from an average length of 15.98 mm at stage 26 to 64.68 mm at stage 36, and then shortened from an average length of 64.68 mm at stage 36, 38.45 mm at stage 42 to 16.12 mm at stage 46（Table 1）. The stomach increased from an average length of 1.83 mm at stage 26, 2.35 mm at stage 36, 3.00 mm at stage 42 to 3.47 mm at stage 46（Table 1）. At stage 24（PlateⅠ： 5）, the digestive tract differentiated into simple tubular structure without a distinguished stomach, the wall of stomach was composed of an inner layer of mucosal epithelial cells and an outer layer of squamous epithelium cells. The thickness of stomach was 6.53 μm in average, of which epithelial cell was 5.38 μm in height and serosa was 1.08 μm in thickness（Table 2）. While at stages 26 to 30（PlateⅠ： 1, 2）, the stomach appeared as a fatter and shorter tube compared to other parts of the digestive tract. The stomach wall kept the two-layer structure and the mucosal epithelial cells became highly columnar in shape and few goblet-like cells appeared among the epithelial cells（PlateⅠ： 6, 7）. The thickness of stomach at stage 26 was 7.61 μm in average, of which epithelial cell was 7.05 μm in height and serosa was 0.75 μm in thickness（Table 2）. The thickness of stomach at stage 30 was 12.01 μm in average, of which epithelial cell was 9.29 μm in height and serosa was 2.72 μm in thickness（Table 2）. At stage 36（PlateⅠ： 2, 9）,

关 键 词：花背蟾蜍 蝌蚪 胃 结构 发育 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]