广州河涌污水暴露致食蚊鱼骨骼形态雄性化的影响  

Bone Morphogenetic Masculinization in Mosquitofish(Gambusia affinis) Exposed to Municipal Waste Water in Guangzhou Creek

作　　者：张晓婵[1] 温茹淑[2] 方展强[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学生命科学学院,广东省高等学校生态与环境科学重点实验室,广州510631 [2]嘉应学院生命科学学院,梅州514015

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2015年第6期895-912,共18页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(No.2012B030800006);广东高校城市水环境生态治理与修复工程技术研究中心建设项目(No.2012gezx A004)

摘　　要：食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)骨骼发育具有性别二态性,雄鱼臀鳍与第14、15和16椎体脉棘的形态特化受雄激素所调控,因此可以作为生物标志物监测水环境中的雄激素污染。本文利用食蚊鱼臀鳍和椎体脉棘形态变化为指标,调查了生活在受城市废水严重污染的广州市河涌中的食蚊鱼受内分泌干扰物影响的现状。根据食蚊鱼生长情况和捕鱼的便利性,选择广州市海珠涌中下游宝岗大道段(BG)、洪德路段(HD)和黄埔涌中下游赤岗路段(CG)、苗艺路段(MY)4个采样点,同时设置不受城市废水污染的华南师范大学校区内的中心湖作对照点(REF)。测量了雌、雄食蚊鱼第4臀鳍条长度和第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值,并采用食蚊鱼第14、15和16椎体脉棘的总长(L,μm)、投影长度(P,μm)、尾部尖端到脊柱的高度(D,μm),以及L︰D、P︰D和P︰L的比值来评价食蚊鱼骨骼形态变化。结果,与对照点相比,夏冬两季海珠涌和黄埔涌4个采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的第4臀鳍条长度显著延长(P<0.05或P<0.01),第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值明显增大(P<0.05或P<0.01),成年雌性食蚊鱼臀鳍显现形态雄性化的特征;尽管4个采样点成年雄性食蚊鱼第4臀鳍条长度均显著小于对照点(P<0.01),但是所有采样点的成年雄性食蚊鱼第4与第6臀鳍条长度的比值则无明显差异(P>0.05)。与对照点(REF)相比,夏冬两季海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG)、洪德路段(HD)和黄埔涌苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼第14、15、16椎体脉棘的投影长度(P)显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG),黄埔涌赤岗路段(CG)和苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的P︰D比值显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);海珠涌宝岗大道段(BG)和洪德路段(HD),黄埔涌苗艺路段(MY)采样点成年雌性食蚊鱼的P︰L比值也显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);成年雌性食蚊鱼的第14、15、16椎体脉棘出现了骨质增生,增长,并向前倾斜,显�Skeletal development has dimorphism in mosquitofish（Gambusia affinis）, and morphological specializations of the anal fin and the hemal spines on the 14 th, 15 th, and 16 th vertebrae in male mosquitofish are under androgenic control, therefore, it can be used as a biomarker to monitor the androgen pollution in water environment. Using the anal fin and hemal spine as morphology indicator, mosquitofish living in Haizhu Creek and Huangpu Creek were sampled and detected in order to assess the endocrine disrupting effects. We chose 4 sampling points including Baogang Avenue Section（BG）, Hongde Section（HD） in Haizhu Creek, Chigang Section（CG）, Miaoyi Section（MY） in Huangpu Creek of Guangzhou City according to the fish growth and fishing convenience（Fig. 1）; at the same time, we set the center point of the lake in the South China Normal University as a reference site（REF）, which is not subject to water pollution in urban areas. We measured the length of 4th anal fin ray, and the length ratio of 4th anal fin ray vs. 6th anal fin ray（Fig. 2 and 3）, and used the total length（L, ？m）, perpendicular distance（P, μm）, depth（D, μm）, L/D ratios, P/D ratios, P/L ratios of the hemal spines on the 14 th, 15 th, and 16 th vertebrae in female and male mosquitofish as indicators to assess the modification of skeletal morphology（Fig. 4）. The total number of collected mosquitofish amounted to 2 969, including 551 adult males, 568 larvae males, 765 adult females, 700 larvae females and 385 pregnant females. The population structure and sex ratio of mosquitofish at each sampling point from summer to winter were showed in Table 1. The results showed that compared with the reference site, significantly extended length of 4th anal fin rays in adult female mosquitofish collected from four sampling sites of Haizhu Creek and Huangpu Creek in summer and winter was observed（P 0.05 or P 0.01）; the length ratio of 4th anal fin ray vs. 6th anal fin ray was also significantly increased（P 0.05 o

关 键 词：城市废水 内分泌干扰物 形态雄性化 食蚊鱼 广州河涌 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S943[农业科学—水产养殖]