日本的丰桥鬼祭:对一项无形民俗文化遗产的现场观察  

The Ghost Festival of Toyohashi in Japan: An Observation of an Intangible Cultural Heritage Site

作　　者：周星[1] 

机构地区：[1]日本爱知大学国际中国学研究中心

出　　处：《文化遗产》2015年第6期45-54,共10页Cultural Heritage

基　　金：中国教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"非物质文化遗产保护与民间信仰"(批准号:12JJD780007)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：日本人的宗教生活原本具有多元、复合的特点,但在近代国家的形成过程中,神道教大量地统合了各地庞杂的民间信仰,并在基层社区以神社为基础而确立了它统治性的地位。现在,为数众多的以神道教为背景的传统节祭被登录为日本国家的无形民俗文化遗产,本文通过对丰桥"鬼祭"这一项"重要无形民俗文化遗产"的现场观察和分析,揭示了它的神道教的背景,指出其对日本古代神话的戏剧性"再现",强化了社区居民与日本"天皇制"之间的精神性纽带;同时还揭示了在日本文化遗产保护体制的背后存在着保守政治势力的影响。The early Japanese religious life was characteristically diverse and intertwined. In the process of shaping a modern state of Japan,however,Shinto greatly integrated local folk beliefs through community- based shrines,and thus established its dominant position. Nowadays a large number of traditional festivals with relationship to Shinto are enlisted as Japan's national intangible folk cultural assets. Through an observation and analysis of one important intangible folk cultural heritage,the ghost festival in Toyohashi,this article tells the festival 's Shinto background,pointing out its dramatic 'representation'of Japan's ancient myth and its role in strengthening the spiritual connection between the community members and the Emperor system. The article also reveals the hidden influence of the conservative political forces upon the heritage protection system in Japan.

关 键 词：民间信仰 神道教 丰桥鬼祭 无形民俗文化遗产 日本 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]