反映在瓜达卢佩祭礼中的墨西哥宗教融合政策  

Religious Syncretism in Mexico as Reflected in the Guadalupe- Cult

作　　者：白瑞斯[1] 吴雅迪 

机构地区：[1]波恩大学 [2]德国慕尼黑大学汉学研究所

出　　处：《文化遗产》2015年第6期55-61,共7页Cultural Heritage

基　　金：中国教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"非物质文化遗产保护与民间信仰"(批准号:12JJD780007)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：自从西班牙人1521年征服美洲后,作为被征服者的印第安人中间突然出现了许多融合多种宗教元素的宗教仪式。这类仪式是本土信仰与基督教传统逐渐融合的产物,它们出现在被征服的印第安人中间,但由西班牙人所传播,西班牙人此举的初衷是为了保持他们原本的基督教信仰。在这类本土宗教运动中,墨西哥城以北几公里的一处地方对"瓜达卢佩圣母玛利亚"的崇拜是其中最重要的运动之一。该信仰遍布整个拉丁美洲,至今仍旧保持活跃。口头、图像及文字资料显示,这一祭仪基于一些不同版本、记录了1531年印第安平民胡安·迭亞戈所见之奇迹以及另外一些次要的奇迹的文献。1709至1737年间,天主教会方面对这一信仰的官方承认大大提升了它的声望。而从十九世纪至今,政治、经济等因素也影响了它的发展。虽然墨西哥严格意义上讲并非是一个宗教国家,但对瓜达卢佩的崇拜却自1810年独立运动以来,收到了政治家们的高度推崇。这一信仰在国内外的传播,所提供的对人生普遍问题的新的解决办法,及其跨越五百年的历史为建立一套宗教融合主义的经验学理论提供了极好的观察视角。Immediately after the initial conquest of the American continent by Spaniards in 1521 syncretic religious cults integrating indigenous beliefs and symbols with Christian traditions as practiced and propagated by Spaniards emerged among the conquered Indian population; while Spaniards at first remained attached to their original Christian faith.Among these indigenous religious movements attached to specific places the veneration of 'Saint Mary of Guadalupe'at a location only a few kilometers north of the city of Mexico is the most important one. It is recognized in entire Latin America and is still very active at present. According to oral,pictorial and written traditions this cult is based on visions in 1531 occurred to the humble Indian Juan Diego from the village of Quauhtitlan,associated with minor miracles. Its official recognition during the years 1709- 1737 by the catholic church contributed much to its rise in popularity,to such an extent that from early 19 th century to the present several new developments integrating political or ecological messages,have developed. Although Mexico is a strictly secular state,Guadalupe is held in high esteem even by politicians since the independence movement in 1810. Its worldwide dissemination,internal developments and new applications to general problems of human life,observable over a 500 year time span provide excellent and necessary factual observations needed towards building an empirical theory of religious syncretism.

关 键 词：瓜达卢佩圣母玛利亚 宗教 墨西哥 阿兹特克 宗教融合政策 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]