双重代理的困境:上海“四反”运动中的工商联  

The Dilemma of Dual Agency:The Association of Industry and Commerce in the "Four Antis" Movement in Shanghai

作　　者：郑维伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院政治与公共管理研究所,副研究员上海200020

出　　处：《近代史研究》2015年第6期106-122,161,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"上海市‘五反'运动研究"(15BDJ051)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：上海"四反"运动是工商界的自我检查、自我教育与自我改造运动,是"五反"运动的前奏。根据上海市委、市政府部署,上海工商联以思想改造为突破口,积极宣传运动的目的和意义,消除工商界的顾虑,为运动的顺利开展奠定了思想基础。同时,工商联设立专门的领导机构,通过领导典型示范与组织体系将运动层层下推,深入基层,使运动有步骤、有秩序地展开。不过,工商业者基于既有之经营方式、惯例、商业伦理,对运动的认识深浅不一,常常越出运动架设的轨道,他们与工商联、政府之间的互动颇为复杂。由于工商联兼具业界经济代表与政府政治代理的双重职能,这从根本上制约着其行动空间和策略选择,常常左右为难,力不从心。即便如此,"四反"运动之成效还是比较显著,为"五反"运动的顺利开展做了准备。The 'Four Antis' Movement in Shanghai was a movement involving the self-examination,self-education,and selfreformation of industry and commerce.It also presaged important parts of the 'Five Antis' Movement.According to the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Shanghai municipal government,the Shanghai Association of Industry and Commerce took the reformation of thought as its breakpoint.It actively publicized the Movement's goals and ideas,alleviated misgivings in industrial and commercial circles,and laid the intellectual basis for the smooth development of the Movement.Meanwhile,the Association of Industry and Commerce established a specialized organization to lead the Movement,extended the Movement down to the grassroots level through a system of model demonstrations and organizations,both of which enabled the Movement to proceed step-by-step in a systematic manner.However,because businessmen had different management styles,traditions,and business ethics,they understood the Movement in different ways and often extended beyond its framework.These businessmen's interactions with the government and the Association of Industry and Commerce were therefore quite complicated.The Association's dual functions as economic representative of industry and political agent of the government fundamentally constrained its space for action and its tactical choices.It was often in a dilemma and never as strong as it wished.Even so,the effects of the 'Four Antis' Movement were clear,and laid the foundations for the smooth development of the 'Five Antis' Movement.

关 键 词：“四反”运动 思想改造 上海工商联 工商业者 

分 类 号：D665.9[政治法律—政治学] K27[政治法律—中外政治制度]