Research on Economic Impact of Super Rice on Rice Growers and Contribution to Food Security  

超级稻对稻农经济影响及粮食安全贡献研究（英文）

作　　者：陈庆根[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所科技信息中心,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2015年第11期2581-2588,共8页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by Super Rice Program for Agricultural Scientific&Technological Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Special Project of Public Welfare Industry of Ministry of Agriculture(201203029);Special Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CARS-01-09B)~~

摘　　要：Super rice is an essendal part of China＇s rice production. Through survey on actual situation of 1568 households of rice growers in Heilongjiang, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces, this paper focused on influence of super rice development on increase of China＇s grain yield, influence on increase of rice growers＇ economic in- come, difference in production cost and profit between the North and the South, as well as profit percentage of super rice in production, processing, and sales. It obtained following results： rice price determines rice growers＇ income; expansion of super rice extension area plays a great role in increase of China＇s grain yield; by 2015 and 2020, keeping the yield of other crops not changed, merely the extension of super rice can increase grain for 5 million tons and 11 million tons separately; super rice significantly increases rice growers＇ economic income; for production cost of super rice, the South is higher than the North, and the profit ratio of cost is up to 35.54% on average; with respect of profit in production, processing, and sales, the ratio is 1：2：1.5; with the yield of other crops unchanged, every increase of 1% in area percentage of super rice to rice will additionally produce 1 million tons of grain for China, which is equivalent to saving the yield of 133 300 hm2 farmland and can additional feed 3.5 million people. In view of importance of super rice production, at the same time of strengthening research on super rice variety, it is required to accelerate expanding production area of super rice in suitable areas. Since the development of super rice can support China＇s ration demand of increasing population, China should make effort to realize ＂one yuan for one mu＂ financial subsidy for super rice of main grain production provinces and counties. Besides, China should establish special financial plan for extension of super rice.超级稻是我国水稻生产的重要组成部分。通过对黑龙江、湖南、浙江三省的1568户稻农生产的实际情况调研,聚焦于超级稻发展对我国粮食产量增加的影响、对稻农经济收益增长的影响、南北方生产成本与利润差异以及超级稻在生产、加工、销售三环节的利润比例等问题。结果表明,在稻农收益方面,稻谷的价格决定着稻农的收益:超级稻推广面积的扩大对我国粮食产量的增长起着重要的作用,预计到2015年和2020年,在保持其他作物产量不变的情况下,仅超级稻面积的推广,可为我国多生产粮食500和1 100万t:超级稻对稻农的经济收益增长明显,南方超级稻生产成本利润率高于北方,超级稻成本利润率平均达35.54%;从生产、加工、销售三环节利润来看,生产:加3-:销售利润=1:2:3/2;超级稻占水稻面积比例每增加1%,,在其他粮食作物产量保持不变的情况下,可为我国多生产粮食100万吨,相当于多节省耕地面积13.33万hm^2所产产量,可多养活人口350万人。针对超级稻生产重要性,笔者提出在加强超级稻品种研究的同时,要加快推广适宜地区超级稻品种的生产面积,由于超级稻的发展可承载我国人口增长的口粮需求,国家在粮食生产补贴方面,重点对粮食主产省、主产县超级稻推广实现"一亩一元"的财政补贴措施,国家需要建立超级稻专项推广财政计划。

关 键 词：Super rice Economic impact Contribution to food security Conclusions and recommendations 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]