宪法教义学反思:一个社会系统理论的视角  

Reflections on Doctrinal Theory of Constitutional Law from the Perspective of Social System Theory

作　　者：李忠夏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2015年第6期3-22,共20页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"中国宪法学方法论反思"(项目编号13BFX031);中国法学会法学研究课题"基本权利的社会功能"(项目编号CLS(2014)D017)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在中国社会面临转型的时期,宪法教义学需回答如何回应社会转型的问题,以及如何在宪法教义学的体系内进行价值判断的问题。传统法教义学的目的在于通过概念建构和逻辑方法实现法学的科学性,凯尔森将之限定在法规范的认知体系上,而将价值判断视为法政治。随着时代的变迁,法教义学出现了知识上的转向,被凯尔森视为法政治的价值判断领域扩展成为法教义学的任务之一。在社会功能分化背景下,宪法也承载了双重功能:抵御政治、经济等系统的直接侵入,将系统外的价值引入法律系统并辐射至整个法律领域。由此,宪法教义学需要实现从确定性向可能性的转变,需要整合安定性与后果考量,通过引入宪法变迁理论,建立"宪法变迁一确定规范可能性的边界一作出宪法决定"的工作流程。In a period of social transition, the doctrinal theory of constitutional law in China needs to answer two questions： how to respond to the social transition and how to make value judgment within the system of the doctrinal theory. The purpose of traditional doctrinal theory of law （ Rechtsdogma- tik） is to realize the scientificity of the jurisprudence, which is achieved by conception delimiting and logical methods. Hans Kelsen defined the scientificity of jurisprudence as the cognitive system of the legal norm and regarded value judgment as legal politics. However, with the passage of time, the tra- ditional doctrinal theory of law had a cognitive twist. Value judgment, which was regarded as legal politics by Kelsen, has become one of the tasks of doctrinal theory of law. In the context of social functional differentiation, the constitution has a dual function： to defend the legal system against the direct intervention by political and economical systems and to import into the legal system the values of other social subsystems. Therefore, the doctrinal theory of constitutional law needs to adjust its pur- suit of goal from that of certainty to that of possibility. It needs to integrate two different elements, i. e. , consistency and consideration of consequences. The integration should be achieved by building the theory of constitutional transformation. The purpose of this work is to establish the following proce- dure for the operation of the doctrinal theory of constitutional law： constitutional transformation→as- certaining possible scope of legal norms--~making constitutional decisions.

关 键 词：法教义学 宪法教义学 社科法学 宪法学方法论 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]