鲁氏耶尔森氏菌口服微球疫苗特性分析及免疫效果研究  

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND IMMUNE EFFICACY OF AN ORAL MICROSPHERES VACCINE OF YERSINIA RUCKERI

作　　者：阳磊[1,2] 汪开毓[1] 周燕[1] 王二龙[1] 王均[1] 陈德芳[1] 耿毅[1] 赖为民[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学鱼病研究中心,成都611130 [2]四川省广元市农业局,广元628017

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2015年第6期1142-1149,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部<长江学者和创新团队发展计划>创新团队专项(IRT0848);四川省科技厅产业链(2014NZ003);四川省科技厅应用基础专项(2014JY0143)资助

摘　　要：为制备并评价鲁氏耶尔森氏菌口服微球疫苗的免疫效果,实验采用天然高分子聚合物海藻酸钠为疫苗载体,鲁氏耶尔森氏菌灭活疫苗为抗原,制备鲁氏耶尔森氏菌口服疫苗。以拌料口服方式进行免疫,通过血清非特异免疫指标、抗体效价、免疫保护率等综合评价疫苗的免疫效果。结果表明,鲁氏耶尔森氏菌口服微球疫苗成球性好,粒径均匀,粒径(8.76±1.73)μm,跨距0.47,包封效率94.51%,具备良好的抗酸性、肠溶性及高安全性的特点。将疫苗免疫斑点叉尾,能显著提高斑点叉尾血清中溶菌酶活力、总超氧化物歧化酶活力(T-SOD)以及补体替代途径活性(ACH_(50));血清凝集效价于第5周达到峰值为1︰8,至免疫后第8周仍能检测到特异性抗体;口服鲁氏耶尔森氏菌微球疫苗的斑点叉尾获得的抗鲁氏耶尔森氏菌相对免疫保护率为65.52%。综上所述,实验制备的鲁氏耶尔森氏菌口服微球疫苗能够对鲁氏耶尔森氏菌病起到较好的预防作用。Yersinia ruckeri is major pathogenic bacterium that is harmful to the aquaculture of Ictalurus punctatus. The conventional treatment such as antibiotics and chemicals often cause issues in, for example, food safety and drug resistance. The vaccine has been considered to be the most effective method of disease prevention and control. Currently, natural polymer materials have been used as the carrier for fish oral vaccine, and sodium alginate is regarded as an ideal material and has become a hotspot in research. In this study, we prepared the oral microspheres vaccine of Y. ruckeri by using formalin-inactivated Y. ruckeri as the antigen and sodium alginate as the carrier. We also studied the characteristics of this vaccine and evaluated its immune efficacy that was indicated by the serum non-specific immune parameters, the antibody titers and the relative survival rate. We found that the microspheres had a good form with a homogeneous distribution of the particle diameter; the average diameter was（8.76±1.73） μm and the span was 0.47; and the encapsulation efficiency of the vaccine was 94.51%. Moreover, this vaccine exhibited characteristics such as high acid resistance, good enteric solubility, and being safe. The activities of the serum lysozyme, the total superoxide disumutase（T-SOD） and the alternative pathway complement（ACH50） were significantly increased in the vaccinated I. punctatus. The serum agglutination titers reached the peak value of 1： 8 in the 5th week, and the specific antibodies were detected in the 8th week after vaccination. The relative survival rate of the I. punctatus was 65.52%. In conclusion, the oral microspheres vaccine of Y. ruckeri effectively protects the fish form the Y. ruckeri disease.

关 键 词：鲁氏耶尔森氏菌 口服疫苗 非特异性免疫功能 免疫保护 

分 类 号：S942.5[农业科学—水产养殖]