文学,揭示真相的伟大艺术——论《比利·巴德》中的文学主题  

Literature,the Great Art of Telling Truth: On the Theme of Literature in Billy Budd

作　　者：代显梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学外国语学院英语系

出　　处：《国外文学》2015年第4期55-65,154,共11页Foreign Literatures

摘　　要：19世纪美国小说家赫曼·麦尔维尔的中篇小说《比利·巴德》免除了英美文学中惯常的道德训诫的负担,引经据典、迂回曲折地传达出这样一个寓意:文学,尤其是小说艺术,作为一种叙述方式称得上是一门"揭示真相的伟大艺术"(麦尔维尔评论莎士比亚作品的话)。它以多元的视角和真实的细节呈现由内而外地揭示了被历史话语、政治宣传以及神话、宗教、哲学和文学典籍所遮蔽的历史真相、文明真相和人生真相。本文从三个方面解读麦尔维尔如何用文学的形式揭示被掩盖的历史真相、文明真相和人生真相,以此构建他所期待的美国民族文学,并在文学中寄托他自己的精神信仰。Billy Budd,the 19 th century American writer Herman Melville's novella,free from the habitually didactic intention in Anglo-American literature,seems to reveal such a message: literature,especially fiction,as one of the narrative forms,deserves the honor of'great art of telling truth'( Melville's words on Shakespeare's works) with its multiple perspectives( via various allusions from mythological,biblical,literary and philosophical canons),methods and solid details,penetrating the blinding cover formed by the historical discourse,the political propagandas and the authoritative books of various kinds to touch the core of truth. This paper intends to interpret the literary efforts made by Melville to expose the concealed truths in human history,politics and life and to create his expected American 'national literature'in Billy Budd.

关 键 词：麦尔维尔 比利·巴德 文学 真相 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]