水温和单体筐养对三疣梭子蟹雌体卵巢发育和常规生化成分的影响  

Effects of water temperature and single crab basket culture on ovarian development and tissue proximate composition of female Portunus trituberculatus

作　　者：潘桂平[1] 候文杰[1] 吴旭干[2,3,4] 吴仁福 张年国[1] 龙晓文[2,3] 周文玉[1] 成永旭[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市水产研究所,上海市水产技术推广站,上海200433 [2]上海海洋大学,省部共建水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,上海市教委水产动物遗传育种协同创新中心,上海201306 [4]宁波大学,东海海水养殖产业升级协同创新中心,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2015年第6期550-556,共7页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41276158);上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目[农科攻字(2013)第6-3号)];上海市农委青年人才成长计划项目[沪农青字(2014)第3-5号];上海高校水产学一流学科建设项目(沪教科2012-62)

摘　　要：单体筐养是一种新型的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)养殖方式。以交配后的三疣梭子蟹雌体为研究对象,采用养殖实验和生化分析方法,在相同的养殖环境条件下,研究了升温单体筐养(简称升温单养组,T1)、升温群体养殖(简称升温群养组,T2)、常温单体筐养(简称常温单养组,T3)和常温群体养殖(简称常温群养组,T4)4种养殖模式对三疣梭子蟹雌体卵巢指数(GSI)及其常规生化成分的影响。结果显示:(1)加温可以显著促进雌体卵巢发育,提高出肉率和总可食率;相同水温条件下,单体筐养和群体养殖组间的卵巢发育无显著差异。(2)尽管实验后各组雌体的GSI均有所上升,但升温组的上升幅度显著大于常温组。(3)加温可以显著提高肝胰腺中的脂肪含量,降低其水分和灰分含量,而对卵巢和肌肉中的常规成分影响较小。(4)水温和养殖方式对各组织中灰分含量影响显著,加温显著降低组织中的灰分含量;常温与升温温度条件下,单体筐养可以提高雌蟹卵巢和肝胰腺中的脂肪含量。研究表明,适当加温可以显著促进三疣梭子蟹雌体卵巢发育,单体筐养对雌体卵巢发育和常规生化组成影响不大。The swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, is an important mariculture crab species in China, and pond-culture contributes more than 80% of aquaculture production of P. trituberculatus. However, pond- reared P. trituberculatus generally has low survival rate, serious cannibalism and poor ovarian development, which hinders the sustainable development of its farming industry. Although single crab basket culture （SCBC） of P. trituberculatus is a new culture method for the improvement of survival, controlling culture conditions and faciliatating harvest, it is still unclear for the effects of SCBC and water temperature on ovaraian development and tissue proximate composition. Because female P. trituberculatus with fully developed ovaries is considered as highly nutritious and expensive seafood, there are increasing interest in the improvement of fattening technology for female P. trituberctdatus. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of SCBC and water temperature on ovaraian development and tissue proximate composition of female swimming crab by fattening culture and biochemistry analysis. There were four treatments in this study, including heating water temperature and SCBC treatment （T1）, heating water temperature and group culture treatment （T2）, normal water temperature and SCBC treatment （T3）, normal water temperature and group culture treatment （T4）. The results were as follows ： （ 1 ） Despite of SCBC or gorup culture, heating water temperature could facilitate the ovarian development and improve the meat yield and total edible yield, however, under the same water temperature condition, SCBC had no significant effect on the ovarian development of P. trituberculatus compared to the group culture treatments ; （2） The increasing gonadosomatic index （GSI） was found in all treatments, but the heating water temperature treatments had higher increasement than normal water temperature treatments. The mean GSI of T1 and T2 were 9.01% and 9.39% , respectively, while the me

关 键 词：三疣梭子蟹 单体筐养 水温 卵巢发育 常规生化成分 

分 类 号：S968[农业科学—水产养殖] Q956[农业科学—水产科学]