滴灌施肥对滴头抗堵塞性能及系统均匀度影响试验研究  

Research on the Emitter Anti-clogging Performance and System Uniformity Caused by Fertigation

作　　者：王心阳 王文娥[1] 胡笑涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2015年第11期1-5,10,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑项目(2011BAD29B02);国家自然科学基金项目(51179163)

摘　　要：为探明温室滴灌系统随水施肥过程中滴头堵塞影响因素、堵塞机理及滴灌管性能评价方式,根据温室滴灌系统布置方式,通过长周期间歇性灌溉试验,研究了N、P、K肥分别单施情况下各肥对φ16滴灌管及φ8小管径滴灌管灌溉均匀度及滴头流量的影响,并利用场发射扫描电镜观测了流道内沉积物。结果表明:φ8滴灌管中后段滴头易先堵塞并分别逐渐向上、下游延伸,φ16管滴头堵塞一般由后端向管前端逐渐发展;φ8管P肥灌溉中8次随水施肥后Cu仅在50%,滴头有效率仅达75%,K肥灌溉时Cu几乎为0,滴头有效率仅50%,严重影响灌溉质量,φ8管在随水施肥过程中抗堵塞性、施肥均匀性均低于φ16管;滴灌系统随水施肥的堵塞位置大多为滴头流道入口,应优化滴头流道入口结构以提高滴头抗堵塞性。In order to investigate the influencing factors of emitter clogging, plugging mechanism and the evaluation methods of drip irrigation performance while fertilizing with water by drip irrigation system in the greenhouse, the impact of fertilizers on drip irrigation uniformity and dripper flow of Ф16 and Ф8 are studied by long-term intermittent irrigation experiment with arrangement as drip irrigation system in greenhouse, and observed within the flow channel sediments by using the field emission scanning electron microscope. The results show that the rear section emitters of Ф8 drip irrigation pipe is easily clogged, then extended to both upstream and downstream, emitters of Ф16 drip irrigation pipe are generally clogged by the backing and extending forward. After 8 times with water fertilization using 48 drip irrigation pipe fertilizer irrigation, Cu is only 50% and emitter efficiency is only 75%. Cu is almost 0% and emitter efficiency is only 50% when potash irrigation is used. It affects the quality of irrigation seriously, anti-clogging and fertilizing uniformity during fertilization with water, Ф16 is better than Ф8. Clogging is always at the channel inlet while fertilizing with water. The channel inlet structure should be optimized to improve the anti-clogging property.

关 键 词：滴灌管 抗堵塞性 施肥均匀性 相对流量 滴头有效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]