湿地植物根系泌氧及其在自然基质中的扩散效应研究进展  

Research advancements on the radial oxygen loss in wetland plants and its diffusion effect in natural sediments

作　　者：王文林[1,2] 韩睿明[2] 王国祥[2] 唐晓燕[1] 梁斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院江苏省环境演变与生态建设重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第22期7286-7297,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07506-007;2014ZX07101-012);浙江省环境污染控制技术研究重点实验室开放基金;国家自然科学基金(41173078);江苏省自然科学青年基金项目(BK20140922)

摘　　要：湿地植物根系径向泌氧(ROL)是构造根际氧化-还原异质微生态系统的核心要素,其扩散层为好氧、厌氧微生物提供了良好生境并促进其代谢活动,使湿地植物根际成为有机物降解、物质循环及生命活动最为强烈的场所,已有成果证明湿地植物根系ROL的强弱与污染物的去除效果密切相关。因此,开展湿地植物根系ROL及其在自然基质中的扩散效应研究,对于了解湿地植物根系ROL机理及其根际氧环境特征,进而发挥湿地植物的污染去除功能具有十分重要的意义。基于此,首先归纳了湿地植物根系ROL特征及其受影响机制的研究现状,而后从种属差异、时空分布及对微生物的影响等方面对根系ROL在自然基质中的扩散效应国内外研究成果进行了总结,最终根据研究现状与不足对今后的研究方向进行了简要展望。创新之处在于:1)提出影响根系氧供给及氧输送释放通道的环境、生物等因素,阐述了其对根系ROL的影响机制;2)着重阐述了目前研究较少提及的根系ROL扩散效应测定方法。Radial oxygen loss （ROL） generated by wetland plants is the fundamental factor that maintains the heterogeneous oxidation-reduction microcosm in sediments. The subsequent diffusion layer provides fine microhabitats for both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms and stimulates their metabolism, which makes the rhizosphere a superior active site for various processes including organism degradation, material circulation, and vigorous life activities. The intensity of ROL in the roots of wetlands plants is known to considerably affect the efficacy of pollutant removal. It is thus of special importance to investigate ROL in wetland plants and its diffusion effect to better understand the actual rhizosphere oxygen distribution and the underlying mechanisms of ROL generation, as well as to optimize the utilization of wetland plants for pollutant removal. The present review, therefore, aims at （ 1 ） summarizing the research advancements on the characteristics of ROL and the related influential impact factors on root oxygen supply ; （2） deciphering the current knowledge on the diffusion effect of rhizosphere oxygen in terms of species differences, spatio-temporal distribution, and its regulating effectson microorganisms; and （3） raising perspectives on future research issues based on the pros and cons of quantification approaches to ROL. The existing research has comprehensively compared the ROL in different types of wetland plants in artificial substrates such as agar medium and nutrient solutions. The results have established a reference for choosing wetland plants for pollutant removal, suggesting that the level of ROL is closely related to oxygen supply and whether the oxygen transportation pathway is unobstructed. Meanwhile, the oxygen supply is mainly related to factors including irradiance, ventilation, temperature, and the biomass of shoots, and the inner oxygen transportation in plants and its external release are mainly related to the oxidation-reduction condition in substrates, root age, iron pla

关 键 词：湿地植物 根系 根系径向泌氧(ROL) 自然基质 扩散效应 

分 类 号：Q946[生物学—植物学]