长江口及邻近海域浮游水螅水母、管水母和栉水母的丰度分布与季节变化  

Abundance distribution and seasonal variation of medusae,siphonophores,and ctenophores in the Changjiang( Yangtze River) Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea

作　　者：高倩[1] 陈佳杰[1] 徐兆礼[1] 朱德弟[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,杭州310012

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第22期7328-7337,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2010CB428705);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201305027-8)

摘　　要：依据2002—2003年长江口及邻近海域(29°00'—32°00'N、122°00—123°30'E)4个季节的海洋调查资料,探讨了该水域小型水母(含水螅水母、管水母和栉水母)总丰度的空间分布特征及季节差异。结果显示,该海域共出现小型水母41种,其中水螅水母28种,管水螅11种,栉水母2种。主要优势种包括管水母大西洋五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)和气囊水母(Physophora hydrostatica)以及水螅水母四叶小舌水母(Liriope tetraphylla)、两手筐水母(Solmundella bitentaculata)和短柄和平水母(Eirene brevistylus),其中大西洋五角水母为冬、春季第一优势种,双生水母则为夏、秋季第一优势种。该水域小型水母总丰度呈明显季节差异,夏季丰度最高((337.33±55.68)个/m^2),春、秋季次之(分别为(142.09±67.71)个/m^2和(132.84±35.17)个/m^2),冬季最低((113.69±32.72)个/m^2)。水温是影响调查区小型水母总丰度季节变化的主要环境因子,小型水母丰度与表层温度显著正相关(P<0.01)。盐度是影响小型水母平面分布格局的主要环境因子,春季小型水母丰度与底层盐度正相关(P<0.05),夏季与10 m层盐度正相关(P<0.01),全年则是与10 m层盐度正相关(P<0.01)。此外,调查水域小型水母丰度与其饵料——小型桡足类亦存在显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。Small jellyfish （here including medusae, siphonophores, and ctenophores） are widespread in the marine pelagic realm. They usually constitute one of the most important assemblages of predators in pelagic food webs by serving as a direct link between zooplankton and higher trophic levels. They can at times be the most abundant non-crustacean invertebrate predators due to their great voracity and their rapid population growth, resulting in extensive seasonal blooms. Thus, studies on small jellyfish have become popular in marine ecology. Studies concerning zooplankton distribution at large spatial scales, particularly for weak swimmers like small jellyfish, emphasize the importance of the physical characteristics of water masses, including salinity and temperature. In our study, the seasonal abundance and horizontal distribution of smalljellyfish were assessed in the Changjiang Estuary （Yangtze River） and the adjacent East China Sea （29°00′-32°00′N, 122°00′-123°30′E） in 2002--2003. The Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea are one of the most productive aquatic ecosystems. High primary production supports high fishery production in adjacent coastal waters, including the Changjiang and Zhoushan fishery grounds. A total of 41 species of small jellyfish （ 11 siphonophores, 28 medusae, 2 ctenophores） were collected. Numerically, siphonophores were most abundant （58.56%--91.05% of the total collection by number）. The dominant species were the siphonophores Diphyes chamissonis, Muggiaea atlantica, and Physophora hydrostatica and medusae Liriope tetraphylla, Solmundella bitentaculata, and Eirene brevistylus. Muggiaea atlantica was dominant all year round, particularly in spring （76.19% of the total collection by number） and winter （39.12%）. D. chamissonis was dominant in summer and autumn, with abundances of 249.03 ind./m2（73.82% of the total collection by number）, and 98.04 ind./m2（73.80% ）, respectively. The numerical abundance of small jellyfish was highest in

关 键 词：水螅水母 管水母 栉水母 季节分布 长江口 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]