论近代科学的中世纪理性主义基础  

Foundation of Modern Science in the Middle Ages

作　　者：韩彩英[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学外国语学院,太原030006

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2015年第6期37-41,共5页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"关于西方科学文化之渊源与嬗变的历史梳理和哲学考察"(12YJA720006)

摘　　要：由神性世界观向理性世界观嬗变的决定性步骤是将自然世界与神圣世界分离开来。那些喜好自然哲学的基督教神学家和托钵僧修会学者关于理性与信仰的学说,既不可避免地导引出怀疑主义的复兴,又使得坚守信仰与从事科学研究并行不悖。通过使亚里士多德学说成为正统并且使之与基督教信念相容,科学思维也得到了许可。中世纪基督徒还将"良知"这种能够与道德和伦理困境角力的理性能力归因于人。此际的自然哲学精神在宗教理性与自然理性上的混合是明显的。The decisive step for the divine worldview to change into the rational worldview is to separate the natural world from the divine world. The doctrines about reason and faith put forward by the Christian theologians and scholars from the mendicant monastic orders inevitably brought out the revival of skepticism, meanwhile they ren- dered it possible for the theologians and scholars both to stick to their faith and to undertake scientific research. Scientific thinking was permitted when Aristotelian philosophy became orthodox and compatible with Christian faith. Medieval Christians attributed to man ＂conscience＂, a rational faculty that was able to wrestle with moral and ethi- cal dilemmas. Natural philosophy in this period was obviously filled with both religious reason and natural reason.

关 键 词：近代科学 中世纪大学 神学家-自然哲学家 理性世界观 理性主义 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]