有机肥和铁肥对水稻土上桑叶失绿病的效应研究  

Impact of organic fertilizers and iron-fertilizers on Morus alba L. chlorosis in paddy soils

作　　者：黄渝岚[1,2] 兰柳燕 胡盛沪[2] 张超兰[2] 冯健玲[2] 唐健 黎晓峰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广西林业科学院广西优良用材林资源培育重点宴验室,广西南宁530002 [2]广西大学亚热带生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广西南宁530005

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2015年第11期1984-1989,共6页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(3126070497);广西自然科学基金项目(桂科自0832049);广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室开放课题基金(12A0202)

摘　　要：为了探寻克服水稻土上桑叶失绿病的途径,采用田间试验方法研究了喷施铁肥及土施硫黄、有机肥、木质素铁肥对防治桑树（桂桑优62）失绿病的效应。结果表明,叶面喷施硫酸亚铁、硫酸亚铁加尿素和柠檬酸铁14 d后,桑叶单叶重、叶绿素、活性铁含量均显著增加。施用硫黄、有机肥后土壤p H值显著降低,而土壤有效铁、叶片叶绿素和铁含量及桑叶重量显著增加,其中施用有机肥后桑叶增产率达43.0%～47.1%;施用后46 d及8个月后,对桑树铁素营养的效应及施用后54,305 d对夏桑及秋桑产量的效应均显著。施用木质素铁肥后土壤有效铁、桑叶铁含量和叶片重均有不同程度的增加。虽然木质素铁肥对土壤p H值的影响不显著,但有机肥与木质素铁肥混施后,土壤p H显著降低,而土壤有效铁含量和桑叶铁含量显著提高。施用木质素铁及混施木质素铁和有机肥73,236 d后,对桑树铁素营养及桑叶生长有显著正效应,对土壤p H值及有效铁含量的影响可维持至施用后13个月。由此可见,叶面喷施铁肥是快速矫正桑叶失绿病的有效措施,而土壤施用硫黄、有机肥、木质素铁肥及混合施用木质素铁和有机肥是防治水稻土上桑叶失绿病的长效措施。The effect of foliar spray of iron fertilizers and application of sulphur,organic fertilizer,lignin iron fertilizer in soils on the chlorosis in mulberry（ Morus alba L. cv. Guisangyou 62） was studied by field experiments,to explore ways to overcome mulberry chlorosis in paddy soils. The results showed that mulberry leaf biomass and the content of chlorophyll and active Fe significantly increased within 14 days after spraying Fe SO4,Fe SO4 dissolved in urea solution,or iron citrate. The application of sulphur and organic fertilizers resulted in remarkable decrease in soil p H while induced remarkable increase in mulberry leaf biomass,and the content of available Fe in soils,chlorophyll andFe in the leaves. The rate of mulberry leaf yield increased in the treatment with organic fertilizer application ranged from 43. 0% to 47. 1%. Moreover,the effect of sulphur and organic fertilizers on Fe nutrition and leaf yield in summer and autumn mulberry continued at significant levels for at least 46 d,8 months and 54,305 d,alternatively.The available Fe in soils,Fe content in leaves and mulberry leaf biomass were elevated in varying degrees after the application of lignin Fe. Although the effect of lignin Fe on soil p H was not significant,soil p H decreased significantly and the content of available Fe in soils and Fe in leaves increased significantly after application of lignin Fe composited with organic fertilizers. Furthermore,positive effect of lignin Fe and lignin Fe composited with organic fertilizer on soil available Fe,leaf Fe nutrition and leaf growth was exhibited within 73 and 236 d after the application,and the effect on soil p H and Fe availability continued for at least 13 months at significant levels. It was concluded that foliar spray of Fe fertilizers was a high-effective measure for alleviating mulberry chlorosis,and the application of sulphur,organic fertilizer,lignin iron,lignin iron composited with organic fertilizers to soils was a long-term measures to deal with mulberry chlorosis in paddy soils.

关 键 词：桑叶 失绿 铁肥 有机肥 

分 类 号：S888.7[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]