浙江省“浙八味”道地药材真菌病害调查及病原鉴定  

Investigation and Identification of the Pathogenic Fungi in Trueborn “Zhe-ba-wei”Medicinal Herbs in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：钱永生[1] 蔡苏[1] 吴剑丙[1] 冒佩佩 马婉琴 楼钰函 王慧中[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,杭州310036

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2015年第19期4740-4745,4748,共7页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省教育厅项目(Y201431430);浙江省药用植物种质改良与质量控制技术重点实验室开放项目(201308;201313);浙江省自然科学基金(LY14C010003);杭州市科技局项目(20130432B07)

摘　　要：通过对浙江省磐安地区"浙八味"药材真菌病害进行病原菌分离和鉴定,采用无菌培养基平板分离技术,从药材植物病叶中分离获得病原真菌,构建真菌ITS系统发育树,对病原菌进行分子水平的分类鉴定,并观察病原菌菌落形态及显微结构和形态学鉴定共获得9种病原真菌,分别为链格孢菌(Alternaria sp.)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum)、绿色木霉菌(Hypocrea virens)、月状旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus lunatus)、球孢黑孢霉(Nigrospora sphaerica)、木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、束状刺盘孢(Colletotrichum dematium)和茎点霉菌(Phoma sp.)。查阅药用植物病原菌记录并结合科赫法则实验,当地药用植物成为3种病原菌的新寄主,分别为月状旋孢腔菌引起的安徽亳州白芍褐斑病、束状刺盘孢引起的磐安阔叶麦冬炭疽病、球毛壳菌引起的早小洋菊叶枯病。The pathogen species and infection status in trueborn ＂Zhe-ba-wei＂ medicinal herbs were determined through investigation and identification of the pathogenic fungi in Pan ’an region of Zhejiang province, should be provided the guide for protect medical herbs planting in large scale and eco-friend condition. Pathogenic fungi strains were separated from the infected leaves of medicinal herbs by plate separation in fertile medium. These pathogens were identified by construction of fungal ITS phylogenetic tree, and then analysis of colonial morphology and microstructure. 9 types of pathogenic fungi were finally obtained, namely Alternaria sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Chaetomium globosum, Hypocrea virens, Cochliobolus lunatus, Nigrospora sphaerica, Fusarium equiseti, Colletotrichum dematium, Phoma sp. Compared with the related reports and Koch’s postulates, the local medical herbs became new hosts for the three pathogenes. In these pathogens, Cochliobolus lunatus was the causative agent of brown spot diseases in White Paeony Root ‘An hui bozhou’, Colletotrichum dematium induced anthracnose in Liriope platyphylla ‘Pan’an’ and Chaetomium globosum caused the leaf blight of Chrysanthemum‘Zao xiao yang ju’.

关 键 词：“浙八味” 中药材 病原真菌 ITS 鉴定 

分 类 号：S432[农业科学—植物病理学]