天津南港工业区吹填土掩埋对两种贝类存活的影响  

Burial Effects of Tianjin Nangang Industrial Zone Dredging Materialon Macrobenthos

作　　者：马丹[1] 时文博[1] 于洁[1] 董学鹏[1] 王娟娟[1] 缴建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部渔业环境及水产品质量监督检验测试中心(天津),天津300221

出　　处：《浙江海洋学院学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期263-269,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：天津市海洋局科技兴海项目(KJXH2012-26)

摘　　要：为评价吹填土掩埋对底栖经济贝类产生的生态压力,采用天津南港工业区吹填土模拟掩埋毛蚶、四角蛤蜊,观测两种贝类对不同埋深的反应及存活情况。结果表明：毛蚶和四角蛤蜊被掩埋后均表现出垂直迁移行为,毛蚶较四角蛤蜊的垂直迁移能力弱。在8 d的观察试验中吹填土掩埋深度与各规格贝类死亡率之间均有极其显著正相关关系（P〈0.01）。壳长为1-2 cm毛蚶LC_（50）深度为4.8 cm,95%置信区间2.9--6.7 cm;壳长为3 cm毛蚶LC（50）深度为5.0 cm,95%置信区间3.5--6.5 cm;壳长为4 cm毛蚶LC（50）深度为5.7 cm,95%置信区间4.9--6.5 cm;壳长为5 cm毛蚶LC_（50）深度为6.4 cm,95%置信区间5.6--7.3 cm;壳长为2 cm四角蛤蜊LC_（50）深度为6.4 cm,95%置信区间5.1--7.6 cm,壳长为4 cm四角蛤蜊LC_（50）深度为6.9 cm,95%置信区间6.0--7.8 cm。吹填土掩埋深度直接影响底栖生物种群存亡,其垂直迁移能力也可影响存活及重建几率。As an important constituent part of northern international shipping center, Nangang industrial zone of Tianjin is conceptualized as a world-class complex functional areas of heavy industries, chemical industries and shipping port. Though it will make significant contribution to local social economic development,meanwhile, reclamation engineering is definitely damaging the marine ecological environment as well. In order to evaluate the burying effect of Nangang industrial zone dredge material on macrobenthos, we selected Scapharca subcrenata（SS） and Mactra veneriformis（MV） to test. 4 and 2 kinds of Shell length SS and MV were tested in this experiment respectively to observe survival rates under different burial depths（0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm,6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm, 12 cm）. Results showed that these two kinds of shellfish, especially M. veneriformis could survive by verticallymigrating out of the dredging material surface. In 8 d experimental observation data analy-sis proved that there was significant correlation between burial depth and mortality（P〈0.01）. The LC_（50） of 1-2cm SS is 4.8 cm, 95% CI is 2.9-6.7 cm, LC_（50） of 3 cm SS is 5.0 cm, 95% CI is 3.5-6.5 cm, LC_（50） of 4 cm SS is5.7 cm, 95% CI is 4.9-6.5 cm, LC_（50） of 5 cm SS is 6.4 cm, 95% CI is 5.6-7.3 cm; LC_（50） of 2 cm MV is 6.4 cm,95% CI is 5.1-7.6 cm, LC_（50） of 4 cm MV is 6.9 cm, 95% CI is 6.0-7.8 cm. This study proved that the burial depth was an important factor for the survival of the tested species and their migration capability. Once marine ecosystem be destroyed, it needs a long time to reconstruction and recovery. The appropriate approach to deal with this problem, besides working avoids high density of biological population area; releases dominant species could also contribute to ecological restoration, further more productivity and biological integrity of entire system.

关 键 词：南港工业区 吹填土 掩埋 毛蚶 四角蛤蜊 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]