肾移植受者健康认知评价影响因素的调查研究  

Cognitive appraisal of health in renal transplant recipients:the influencing factors

作　　者：滕沙 尚雅彬 林晓鸿[1] 张文馨[1] 刘红霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学护理学院,北京100102

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2015年第22期8-11,共4页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81171860)

摘　　要：目的了解肾移植受者的健康认知评价及其影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取于北京市2所三甲医院移植随访门诊随访的605例肾移植受者为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、健康认知评价量表、感知健康能力量表、领悟社会支持量表、药物副作用症状表进行调查。结果肾移植受者健康认知评价4个维度得分分别为:威胁(13.91±3.76)分,挑战(23.64±5.56)分,有害/损失(21.79±3.13)分,有益/不相关(12.21±2.58)分。感知健康能力、领悟社会支持、药物副作用困扰、移植术后时间、透析时间、性别、年龄、婚姻状况和文化程度是肾移植受者健康认知评价的影响因素(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论肾移植受者对目前的健康状态倾向于评价为"挑战"。护理工作者应针对肾移植受者不同的影响因素提供相应的干预对策,以改善其健康认知评价水平。Objective To identify the level and determinants of cognitive appraisal of health in renal transplant recipients.Methods A convenience sample of 605 renal transplant recipients were recruited in two general hospitals in Beijing.The instruments included a general information questionnaire,the Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale（CAHS）,Perceived Health Competence Scale（PHCS）,Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS）,and Symptom Checklist.Results The sample scored 13.91±3.76 on threat in the CAHS,23.64±5.56 on challenge,21.79±3.13 on harm/loss,and 12.21±2.58 on benign/irrelevant.The perceived health competence,perceived social support,symptom distress,post-transplant time,dialysis time,gender,age,marital status and education level were predictors of cognitive appraisal of health in renal transplant recipients（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.Conclusion Renal transplant recipients tend to consider their health as a challenge.Nurses should take targeted measures based on patients′conditions to improve their cognitive appraisal of health.

关 键 词：肾移植 健康认知评价 感知健康能力 社会支持 药物不良反应 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]