2010—2014年金湖县农村改厕绩效评估  

Performance evaluation of rural latrine renovation in Jinhu County from 2010 to 2014

作　　者：张翠萍[1] 孙道宽 陈德珍[1] 李书梅[1] 李倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省金湖县血吸虫病防治站

出　　处：《国际医学寄生虫病杂志》2015年第6期323-327,共5页International JOurnal of Medical Parasitic Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解金湖县农村改厕工作进展情况，评估农村改厕工作带来的卫生、环境、社会和经济等综合效益。为制定更加科学规范的改厕规划和策略提供依据。方法2010-2014年。每年抽取2个镇2个村作为评估村，采取现场调查、查阅资料、入户访谈、粪便样品检测等方法，进行卫生、环境、社会和经济等综合效益评估。共调查10个镇10个村的100户居民，每个村调查10户居民的改厕情况。结果评估村完成改厕5744户。任务完成率99．69％，户厕完好率100％，正常使用率100％。与改厕前的2006年比较，2014年居民肠道寄生虫病感染率、乙类传染病发病率和肠道传染病发病率分别下降了90．83％（1．98，2．18）、22．78％（35．65／156．51）和49．57％（5．78／11．66）。实验室卫生学指标检测未发现血吸虫、蛔虫、钩虫等寄生虫卵，粪菌值去除率均达100％（100／100）。评估村实验室环境学指标检测户厕第3格化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，CODcr）、五日生化需氧量（biochemical oxygen demand-five，BOD5）平均达标率分别达80．00％和84．00％：与第1格相比。第3格的CODcr、BOD5和氨氮值（ammonia nitrogen，AN）平均去除率分别为58．75％、60．89％和61．64％。2014年较2006年居民平均疾病医药费用下降了58．93％．卫生设施购买费用增长了113．50％．带动的相关消费增长了113．38％。结论金湖县农村改厕工作成效显著，取得了较好的卫生效益、环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。今后应加强改厕的日常管理，形成建、管、用并重的长效管理机制．扩大改厕综合效益．Objective To investigate the progress of rural latrine renovation in Jinhu County, evaluate the health, environment, society and economic benefits produced by rural latrine renovation, thus to provide scientific evidence for formulating more scientific plan and strategy of latrine renovation. Methods Two villages in two towns were selected for survey point, the benefits of health, environment, society and economy were evaluated with field investigation, data access, household survey and feces-detection. 100 families were investigated in 10 villages of 10 towns, situation of 10 families latrine renovation was investigated every village. Results A total of 5 744 latrines was renovated in investigated villages, completion rate of latrine was 99.69%, perfection rate of latrine was 100%, utilization rate of latrine was 100%. Compared with 2006 before renovation of latrine, the infection rate of intestinal parasitic disease, the morbidity of B category infectious disease and intestinal infectious diseases decreased by 90.83% （1.98/2.18）, 22.78% （35.65/156.51） and 49.57% （5.78/11.66）, respectively. In the process of laboratory test, eggs of schistosome, roundworm, bookworm were not detected out, removal rate of feces bacterium reached to 100%. Average qualified rate of CODcr （chemical oxygen demand,CODcr）, BOD5 （biochemical oxygen demand-five,BOD5） reached to 80.00% and 84.00% in third cell, compared with first lattice, average removal rate of CODcr, BOD5 and AN （ammonia nitrogen） reached to 58.75%, 60.89% and 61.64%. Average medical expenses of residents declined by 58.93%, purchasing expenses of health facilities grew by 113.50%, related expenses increased by 113.38%. Conclusion Rural latrine renovation produced marked preferable benefits for health, environment, society, and economy in Jinhu county. The daily management of the renovated latrine should be strengthened in future, a persistent mechanism of building, management, and utilization should be established so as to amplify the comprehens

关 键 词：改厕 绩效评估 金湖县 

分 类 号：R124.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]