长期在轨贮存低温推进剂过冷度获取方案研究  

Investigation on acquisition schemes of cryogenic propellant subcooling for long-term on-orbit storage

作　　者：王磊[1] 厉彦忠[1,2] 马原[1] 徐孟健 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院制冷与低温工程系,西安710049 [2]航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室,北京100028

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2015年第11期2794-2802,共9页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51406142);航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLTSCP1311)

摘　　要：增大低温推进剂入轨时的过冷度可显著延长低温燃料在轨贮存期限.通过文献调研与理论分析,介绍了4种低温推进剂过冷度获取方案的工作过程与研究现状,分析了不同方案的优缺点,在此基础上提出了我国开展相关研究的思路.研究表明:1为了减小过冷度获取成本,应采用先加注后冷却的操作程序,且制冷系统尽可能靠近目标贮箱;2液氧、液态甲烷可通过液氮池沸腾提供过冷度;3氦气喷射预冷消耗氦气量巨大,建议仅针对小型液氢采用此技术;4热力学低温流体过冷器(TCS)技术具有总体质量轻、投入能量少等优点,在液氢过冷度获取方面具有可观的应用前景.可为我国开展低温推进剂过冷度相关研究提供参考.Increasing cryogenic propellant subcooling remarkably benefits the long-term on-orbit storage of cryogenic fuels. Literature research and theoretical analysis were conduc- ted to study the working processes and research status for four subcooling schemes, and their advantages and disadvantages were also analyzed. On this basis, a research approach in this field was proposed for guiding the domestic researches. Several valuable conclusions were drawn as follows： （1） Based on the cost consideration, an operating procedure for sub- cooling operation after fuel filling process is suggested and the subcooling equipment should be located close to the target tank. （2） A liquid nitrogen pool boiling can be used to cool the cryogenic liquid oxygen and liquid methane. （3） Helium injection approach is only suggested to cool the small-scale liquid hydrogen since it costs massive helium gas. （4） Due to excel- lent characteristics including less total weight and energy input, thermodynamic cryogen subcooler （TCS） approach has a better application prospect in liquid hydrogen subcooling ob- tainment. This research provides a reference for the domestic researches of cryogenic propel- lant subcooling.

关 键 词：低温推进剂 在轨贮存 压力控制 过冷液体 运载火箭 

分 类 号：V511.6[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]