微气候因子对南疆‘灰枣’坐果和果实品质的影响  

Effects of orchard microclimatic conditions on the fruit setting and quality of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.‘Huizao'in south Xinjiang

作　　者：李欢[1,2] 李建贵[1,2] 秦韵婷 王宪奎 韩超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林业研究所 [2]新疆红枣工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《果树学报》2015年第6期1161-1169,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360194)

摘　　要：【目的】了解果园微气候条件对南疆‘灰枣’坐果及枣果品质的影响。【方法】2014在库尔勒‘灰枣’果园设置树体阴阳面、遮阳、喷水及地表覆盖物等果园微气候处理方式,研究不同处理下空气及土壤的温湿度变化状况对‘灰枣’果实坐果和品质的影响。【结果】‘灰枣’园中温湿度的均值为土壤大于空气,而温湿度的差值则是空气显著大于土壤。地膜覆盖处理下土壤温湿度显著高于秸秆覆盖及对照,能够有效提高坐果率;遮阳处理使空气温湿度有所降低,对枣果纵横径和蛋白质的增加有促进作用;秸秆覆盖给枣树土壤提供了一个温湿度均较为适宜的微环境,使果实中糖、蛋白质、可滴定酸、类黄酮、花青素和维生素C含量均有所增加;设定时间段内,每隔1 h对树体进行一次喷水处理空气湿度为所有空气处理中最高,有利于可滴定酸的积累。【结论】果园微气候因子处理对南疆‘灰枣’坐果和品质有明显影响,其中遮阳、每隔1 h喷水、秸秆和地膜覆盖对‘灰枣’坐果和品质的促进效果较好。[Objective] The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of orchard microclimatic conditions on the fruit setting and quality of Chinese jujube （Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ＇Huizao＇） in south Xinjiang. [Methods] Orchard microclimate treatments such as solar side and shadow side of the tree, sunshading, sprinkle and surface mulch were set to investigate effects of air and soil temperature and humidity change on the fruit setting and quality of jujube fruit in Kuerle, Xinjiang in 2014. [Results]The mean temperature and humidity of soil were higher than those of air, and the differences of temperature and humidity in air were significantly larger than those of soil. The temperature and humidity of soil in plastic mulching treatment were significantly higher than in the straw mulch treatment and CK, and plastic mulching effectively improved the fruit setting; The shade treatment decreased the air temperature and humidity, and increased the size and protein content of fruit; The straw mulch treatment provided a moderate microenvironment to jujube tree, and increased the contents of sugar, protein, titratable acid, flavonoid, cyanidin and vitamin C in fruit; The air humidity in sprinkle treatment in the set period was the highest among all treatments and conducive to the accumulation of titratable acid. [Conclusion]The orchard microclimatic condition has obvious influence on the fruit setting and quality of Chinese jujube fruit. Sprinkle at one hour interval and straw or plastic mulching have better effects.

关 键 词：'灰枣’ 库尔勒 果园微气候 坐果 品质 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]